Iyovharuvhu yegedhiivharuvhu yakajairika ine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana. Inonyanya kushandiswa mukuchengetedza mvura, kugadzira simbi nedzimwe nzvimbo. Kushanda kwayo zvakanyanya kwakaonekwazyakatorwa nemusika. Mumakore mazhinji ekutarisira kwemhando yepamusoro uye tekinoroji uye kuyedza, munyori haana kungoita tsvakiridzo chaiyo pakuona vharuvhu yegedhi chete, asiwo mashandisirwo evharuvhu yegedhi, ndakaita tsvakiridzo yakangwarira uye ine hungwaru.
Inotevera ihurukuro huru pamusoro pemaumbirwo, mashandisirwo, matambudziko, kuongororwa kwemhando uye zvimwe zvinhu zvevharuvhu yegedhi.
Chivako
Maumbirwo evharuvhu yegedhi: Iyovharuvhu yegedhiivharuvhuiyo inoshandisa plate yegedhi nechigaro chevharuvhu kudzora kuvhura nekuvhara.vharuvhu yegedhiZvinosanganisira muviri wevharuvhu, chigaro chevharuvhu, ndiro yegedhi, tsinde revharuvhu, chifukidziro chevharuvhu, tsamba yekurongedza, chifukidziro chekumanikidza chekurongedza, tsinde revharuvhu, ruoko-vhiri, nezvimwewo. Zvichienderana nekuchinja kwenzvimbo iri pakati pegedhi nechigaro chevharuvhu, saizi yechiteshi inogona kuchinjwa uye chiteshi chinogona kuchekwa. Kuti vharuvhu yegedhi ivharwe zvakasimba, ndiro yegedhi nechigaro chevharuvhu zvinokuyiwa.
Zvichienderana nechimiro chakasiyana chechimiro chevharuvhu regedhi, vharuvhu regedhi rinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: wedge uye parallel.
Chivharo chegedhi chevharuvhu yegedhi rewedge chakaita sechinoonekwa, uye nzvimbo yekuvharira yakatenderedzwa pakati penzira. Chivharo chiri pakati pechivharo chegedhi nechigaro chevharuvhu chinoshandiswa kuvhara. Chivharo chegedhi chinogona kuva gedhi rimwe chete kana gedhi rakapetwa kaviri.
Nzvimbo yekuvharira yevharuvhu yegedhi yakafanana yakaenzana uye yakatarisana nemutsetse wepakati pechiteshi. Yakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: nzira yakavhurika uye nzira isingavhurike. Kune gedhi rakapetwa kaviri rine nzira yakavhurika. Kana gedhi radzikira, zvidimbu zvemagedhi maviri akafanana zvinotsigira magedhi maviri ari pachigaro chevharuvhu pamutsetse uye zvinocheka nzira yekuyerera. Kana gedhi rakwira nekuvhurika, foshoro negedhi zvinoshanda pamwe chete negedhi zvinoparadzaniswa, gedhi rinokwira kusvika pakakwirira, uye wedge inosimudzwa ne con. Purati regedhi rakapetwa kaviri risina nzira yakavhurika. Kana purati regedhi rikapinda muchigaro chevharuvhu pamwe chete nenzvimbo mbiri dzechigaro chevharuvhu dzakafanana, kumanikidzwa kwemvura kunoshandiswa kudzvanya purati regedhi pamuviri wevharuvhu padivi rekubuda kwevharuvhu kuti rivhare mvura.
Zvichienderana nemafambiro akasiyana emudziyo wevharuvhu kana gedhi ravhurwa uye rakavharwa, vharuvhu yegedhi yakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: vharuvhu yegedhi yakavhurika uye vharuvhu yegedhi yakasvibira. Kana tsinde yevharuvhu nendiro yegedhi yevharuvhu yegedhi yakavhurika kana kuvharwa, zvinomuka nekudonha panguva imwe chete; kana vharuvhu yegedhi yakasvibira kana kuvharwa, tsinde yevharuvhu inongotenderedzwa chete, kukwira nekudonha kwemudziyo wevharuvhu hakuonekwe, uye vharuvhu inosimudzwa kana kuderedzwa. Kubatsira kwevharuvhu yegedhi yakavhurika ndekwekuti inogona kutonga kukwirira kwekuvhurwa kwechiteshi kuburikidza nekukwira kwemudziyo wevharuvhu, asi inogona kupfupisa kukwirira kwekubata. Kana yakatarisana neruoko-vhiri kana mubato, tendeudza ruoko-vhiri kana mubato uchitenderera wachi, uye vharuvhu inovharwa.
Nguva uye musimboti wekusarudza wekushandiswa kwevharuvhu rechipiri regedhi:
01 furativharuvhu yegedhi
Kushandisa vharuvhu yegedhi rakatsetseka:
(1) Mapaipi ekufambisa mafuta negasi rechisikigo, mavharuvhu egedhi rakatsetseka ane maburi ekutsausa anobatsirawo kuchenesa mapaipi.
(2) Mapaipi ekufambisa zvinhu nemidziyo yekuchengetera mafuta akacheneswa.
(3) Zvishandiso zvekubvisa mafuta negasi rechisikigo.
(4) Mapaipi ane simbi dzakasungirirwa.
(5) Pombi yekufambisa gasi muguta.
(6) Chirongwa chekupa mvura.
Nheyo yekusarudza vharuvhu yegedhi rakatsetseka:
(1) Pamapaipi ekufambisa mafuta negasi rechisikigo, sarudza mavharuvhu egedhi rakatsetseka ane magedhi rimwe chete kana magedhi maviri. Kana uchida kuchenesa pombi, sarudza vharuvhu yegedhi rakatsetseka rine gedhi rimwe chete rine gomba rekutsauka.
(2) Pamuchina wekutumira mafuta uye michina yekuchengetera mafuta akacheneswa, sarudza gedhi rimwe chete risina gomba rekutsausa kana vharuvhu yegedhi rakati sandara rine gedhi rakapetwa kaviri.
(3) Pamidziyo yekuburitsa mafuta negasi rechisikigo, sarudza gedhi rimwe chete rine chigaro chevharuvhu inoyangarara ine gomba rekutsvedza kana vharuvhu yegedhi rakati sandara ine gedhi rakapetwa kaviri.
(4) Kune mapaipi ane simbi dzakasungirirwa, sarudza vharuvhu yegedhi replate yakaita sebanga.
(5) Pamapaipi ekufambisa gasi muguta, sarudza vharuvhu yegedhi rimwe chete kana vharafu yegedhi rakapfava rakavhurika rakatsetseka.
(6) Pakugadzira nzira dzekushandisa mvura, sarudza plate yegedhi rimwe chete kana plate yegedhi mbiri isina gomba rekutsausa rinovhurika netsvimbo yakatsetseka yegedhi.
02 wedgevharuvhu yegedhi
Nguva dzinoshanda dzevharuvhu yegedhi re wedge: Pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzevharuvhu, vharuvhu yegedhi inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Inowanzo shandiswa pakuvhura zvizere kana kuvhara zvizere, uye haigone kushandiswa pakudzora nekudzora.
Vharuvhu yegedhi re wedge inowanzo shandiswa munzvimbo dzisina mutemo wakasimba wehukuru hwekunze kwevharuvhu, uye mamiriro ekushandiswa akaomarara. Semuenzaniso, kune nzvimbo yekushanda inodziya zvakanyanya uye ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, zvinodikanwa kuti zvikamu zvakavharwa zvivharwe kwenguva yakareba.
Kazhinji, kana mamiriro ekushandisa kana zvinodiwa zvekushanda kwakavimbika kwechisimbiso, kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, kudimburwa kwesimba repamusoro (musiyano mukuru wekumanikidzwa), kudimburwa kwesimba repasi (musiyano mudiki wekumanikidzwa), ruzha rwakaderera, gomba remhepo uye chiitiko chekupfachukira, tembiricha yepamusoro, tembiricha yakaderera (kutonhora zvakanyanya), zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa vharuvhu yegedhi rekuboorwa. Semuenzaniso, kune mashandisirwo akawanda muindasitiri yemagetsi, kunyungudutsa peturu, petrochemical, oiri yekunze, engineering yemvura uye sewage treatment engineering mukuvaka kwemaguta, uye indasitiri yemakemikari.
Nheyo yekusarudza:
(1) Zvinodiwa pahunhu hwemvura hwevharuvhu. Vharuvhu yegedhi inoshandiswa pakushanda kwemamiriro ekunze asina simba guru rekuyerera kwemvura, kugona kutenderera kwemvura kwakasimba, hunhu hwakanaka hwekuyerera kwemvura uye zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekuvhara mvura.
(2) Tembiricha yepamusoro uye yepakati ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Zvakadai semafuta ane kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, mafuta anodziya zvakanyanya uye mafuta ane kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.
(3) Tembiricha yakaderera (inotonhora zvakanyanya). Zvakadai seammonia yemvura, hydrogen yemvura, okisijeni yemvura nezvimwe zvinhu.
(4) Kumanikidzwa kwakaderera uye kukurusaiziZvakadai semapurojekiti emvura yepombi uye mapurojekiti ekuchenesa tsvina.
(5) Nzvimbo yekuisa: sarudza vharuvhu yegedhi retsvimbo yerima kana kukwirira kwekuisa kwacho kwakadzikira; sarudza vharuvhu yegedhi retsvimbo yakavhurika kana kukwirira kwacho kwakadzikira.
(6) Kana yangovhurwa zvizere kana kuvharwa zvizere, uye isingakwanise kushandiswa kugadzirisa nekudzora tambo, ndipo panogona kusarudzwa vharuvhu yegedhi rekuboorwa.
Zvikanganiso zvitatu zvakajairika uye kugadzirisa
01 Zvikanganiso zvinowanzoitwa uye zvikonzero zvemavharuvhu egedhi
Mushure mekushandisa vharuvhu yegedhi, matambudziko anotevera anowanzo itika nekuda kwekupisa, kumanikidzwa, ngura uye kufamba kwega kwega kwekubata.
(1) Kubuda kwemvura: Kune mhando mbiri, dzinoti, kubuda kwemvura kunze uye kubuda kwemukati. Kubuda kwemvura kunze kwevharuvhu kunonzi kubuda kwemvura, uye kubuda kwemvura kwakajairika mubhokisi rekurongedza nekubatanidza flange.
Zvikonzero zvekubuda kwebhokisi rekurongedza: mhando kana mhando yekurongedza haisviki pazvinodiwa; kukwegura kwekurongedza kana kupera kwesimbi yevharuvhu; kusunungura kwegland rekurongedza; kukwenya pamusoro pesimbi yevharuvhu.
Zvikonzero zvekubuda kwemvura pakubatana kweflange: zvinhu kana saizi yegasket haisviki pazvinodiwa; mhando yekugadzirisa yenzvimbo yekuvharira flange haina kunaka; mabhaudhi ekubatanidza haana kusungirirwa zvakanaka; magadzirirwo epaipi haana musoro, zvichikonzera mitoro yakawandisa pakubatanidza.
Zvikonzero zvekubuda kwemukati mevharuvhu: Kubuda kwemukati mevharuvhu kunokonzerwa nekuvharwa kwevharuvhu kudonha kwemukati mevharuvhu, uko kunokonzerwa nekukuvadzwa kwenzvimbo yekuvharuvhu kana mudzi weringi yekuvharuvhu.
(1) Kuora kunowanzo kuve ngura yemuviri wevharuvhu, chifukidziro chevharuvhu, tsinde revharuvhu uye pamusoro pechisimbiso cheflange. Kuora kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekushanda kwechinhu ichi, pamwe nekuburitswa kwemaion muzvizadza nemagasket.
(2) Kukwenya: kudhonza kana kukwenya pamusoro penzvimbo kunoitika kana gate plate nechigaro chevharuvhu zviri kufamba zvishoma nezvishoma pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakati kwekubata.
02 Kugadziriswa kwevharuvhu yegedhi
(1) Kugadziriswa kwekubuda kwekunze kwevharuvhu
Pakudzvanya chivharo, bhaudhi repamusoro regland rinofanira kuyerwa kudzivirira kutsveyama kwegland, zvichisiya mukana wekudzvanya. Paunenge uchidzvanya chivharo, tsinde revharuvhu rinofanira kutenderedzwa kuti chivharo chakatenderedza tsinde revharuvhu rive rakafanana uye kudzivirira kumanikidzwa kuti kusafa, kuitira kuti chisakanganisa kutenderera kwetsinde revharuvhu, kuwedzera kupera kwechivharo, uye kupfupisa hupenyu hwebasa. Pamusoro petsinde revharuvhu panenge pakakwenywa, kuitira kuti medium ive nyore kubuda. Inofanira kugadziriswa kubvisa mavanga pamusoro petsinde revharuvhu isati yashandiswa.
Kana gasket ikakuvara, inofanira kutsiviwa; kana gasket ikasasarudzwa zvakanaka, chinhu chinogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa pakushandiswa chinofanira kusarudzwa; kana nzvimbo yekuvharira flange isina kunaka pakugadzirisa, nzvimbo yekuvharira flange inofanira kubviswa yogadziriswazve kusvika yakwana.
Pamusoro pezvo, kusimbisa zvakanaka mabhoti eflange, kugadzirisa mapaipi nemazvo, uye kudzivirira kuwanda kwemitoro pakubatanidza flange zvinobatsira kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura pakubatanidza flange.
(2) Kugadziriswa kwekubuda kwemukati mevharuvhu
Kugadziriswa kwekubuda kwemvura mukati memuviri ndekwekubvisa kukuvara kwenzvimbo yekuvharira uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwemudzi weringi yekuvharira (kana ringi yekuvharira yakasimbiswa papuratifomu yevharuvhu kana chigaro chevharuvhu nekudzvanya kana shinda). Kana nzvimbo yekuvharira yagadziriswa zvakananga pamuviri wevharuvhu nepuratifomu yevharuvhu, hapana dambudziko remidzi yekubuda kwemvura uye kusashanda zvakanaka.
Kana nzvimbo yekuvharira yakuvara zvakanyanya uye nzvimbo yekuvharira yagadzirwa neringi yekuvharira, rin'i yekare inofanira kubviswa yoshongedzwa neringi itsva yekuvharira; kana nzvimbo yekuvharira yagadziriswa zvakananga pamuviri wevharuvhu, nzvimbo yekuvharira yakuvara inofanira kutanga yabviswa, uye ipapo rin'i itsva yekuvharira kana nzvimbo yekuvharira inofanira kukuyiwa kuita nzvimbo itsva yekuvharira. Kana mavanga, mapundu, kupwanyika, maburi nezvimwe zvikanganiso zvenzvimbo yekuvharira zviri pasi pe0.05mm, zvinogona kubviswa nekukuya.
Mudzi weringi yekuvharira unobuda. Kana ringi yekuvharira ikadzvanywa mukati uye yagadziriswa, bhandi rePTFE kana pendi chena gobvu rinogona kuiswa pasi pechigaro chevharuvhu kana gomba reringi yekuvharira, uye wobva wadzvanywa muringi yekuvharira kuti uzadze mudzi weringi yekuvharira. Kana ringi yekuvharira yakasimbiswa neshinda, bhandi rePTFE kana pendi chena gobvu inofanira kuiswa pakati peshinda Inobuda pakati pemitsetse.
(3) Kugadziriswa kwengura yevharuvhu
Kazhinji, muviri wevharuvhu nevharuvhu zvinoora zvakaenzana, nepo hunde yevharuvhu ichiwanzova nemakomba. Pakugadzirisa, chigadzirwa chinoora chinofanira kutanga chabviswa. Kune hunde yevharuvhu ine makomba emakomba, inofanira kugadziriswa nelathe kubvisa kudzika, kuchinjwa kuita filler ine chinhu chinosunungura chinogara kwenguva refu, kana kuchenesa filler nemvura yakasanganiswa kuti ibvise maion ari mufiller ane simba rekuora pahunde yevharuvhu.
(4) Kugadziriswa kwemavanga panzvimbo yekuvhara
Panguva yekushandiswa kwevharuvhu, mavanga ari pamusoro pekuvhara anofanira kudzivirirwa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira, uye torque haifanirwe kunge yakakura zvakanyanya pakuvhara vharuvhu. Kana mavanga ari pamusoro pekuvhara anogona kubviswa nekukuya.
Kuonekwa kwemavharuvhu mana egedhi
Mumamiriro ezvinhu emusika aripo iye zvino uye zvinodiwa nevashandisi, mavharuvhu egedhi resimbi ndiwo anonyanya kukosha. Semuongorori wemhando yezvigadzirwa, pamusoro pekunyatsoziva kuyedzwa kwemhando yezvigadzirwa, unofanirawo kunzwisisa chigadzirwa chacho pachacho.
01 Hwaro hwekuyedza vharuvhu yegedhi resimbi
Kuonekwa kwevharuvhu yegedhi resimbi kunobva pachiyero chenyika cheGB/T12232-2005 "vharuvhu yegedhi resimbi rekubatanidza flange".
02 Zvinhu zvekuongorora zvevharuvhu yegedhi resimbi
Zvinosanganisira zvikuru: logo, * ukobvu hwemadziro madiki, bvunzo yekumanikidza, bvunzo yekugokora, nezvimwewo. Pakati pazvo, ukobvu hwemadziro, bvunzo yekumanikidza uye bvunzo yekugokora zvinhu zvekuongorora zvinodiwa uye zvinhu zvakakosha. Kana paine zvinhu zvisina kukodzera, zvinogona kutongwa zvakananga sezvigadzirwa zvisina kukodzera.
Muchidimbu, kuongorora mhando yechigadzirwa chikamu chakakosha chekuongorora kwechigadzirwa chose. Kukosha kwacho kuri pachena. Sevashandi vekutarisa vari pamberi, tinofanira kugara tichisimbisa hunhu hwedu. Hatifanirwe kungoita basa rakanaka chete mukuongorora chigadzirwa, asiwo kunzwisisa zvigadzirwa zvakaongororwa, kuitira kuti tigone kuita basa rakanaka mukuongorora zviri nani.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-23-2023
