Gedhi vharafuivharuvhu inowanzoitika yakawanda-chinangwa ine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa.Inonyanya kushandiswa mukuchengetedza mvura, metallurgy uye mamwe maindasitiri.Kuwanda kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana kwekuita kwakazivikanwa nemusika.Pamusoro pekudzidza kwevhavha yegedhi, yakaitawo ongororo yakanyanyisa uye yakanyatso hunyanzvi pakushandiswa uye kugadzirisa matambudziko.gedhi mavharuvhu.
Inotevera ihurukuro huru pamusoro pechimiro, kushandiswa, kugadzirisa matambudziko, kuongororwa kwemhando uye zvimwe zvikamu zvegedhi mavharuvhu.
1. Chimiro
Chimiro chevharafu yegedhi: ivovharafu yegedhiivharuvhu inoshandisa ndiro yegedhi uye chigaro chevharuvhu kudzora kuvhura nekuvhara.Gedhi vharafukunyanya ine muviri wevharuvhu, chigaro chevharuvhu, gedhi ndiro, vharafu hunde, bonnet, stuffing bhokisi, kurongedza gland, stem nati, handwheel uye zvichingodaro.Zvichienderana nekuchinja kwechinzvimbo chehukama pakati pegedhi nechigaro chevharuvhu, saizi yechiteshi inogona kuchinjwa uye chiteshi chinogona kugurwa.Kuti agadzirisevharafu yegedhipedyo zvakasimba, nzvimbo yekubatanidza yeplate yegedhi uye chigaro chevhavha chiri pasi.
Maererano nemhando dzakasiyana dzemaumbirwo egedhi mavharuvhu, mavharuvhu egedhi anogona kukamurwa kuita wedge mhando uye parallel mhando.
Gedhi remusuwovharafu yegedhiyakaita seweji, uye nzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso inoumba kona yeoblique ine mutsara wepakati wegedhi, uye wedge pakati pegedhi nechigaro chevharuvhu inoshandiswa kuwana chisimbiso (kuvhara).Wedge ndiro inogona kuva gondohwe rimwe chete kana gondohwe rakapetwa kaviri.
Nzvimbo dzekuisa chisimbiso dzeparallel gedhi valve dzakafanana kune imwe neimwe uye perpendicular kumutsara wepakati wechiteshi, uye kune marudzi maviri: ine nzira yekuwedzera uye pasina nzira yekuwedzera.Kune makondohwe maviri ane nzira yekuparadzira.Kana makondohwe acho aburuka, mipendero yemakondohwe maviri akaenzana ichawaridza makondohwe maviri pamusoro pechigaro chevhavha panzvimbo yakarerekera kuti avhare nzira yekuyerera.Apo makondohwe akasimuka uye akazaruka, mashizha nemasuo achaita Nzvimbo inofananidzwa yeplate inoparadzaniswa, girafu regedhi rinokwira kune imwe nzvimbo yakakwirira, uye wedge inotsigirwa nemukuru paplate yegedhi.Gedhi rakapetwa kaviri pasina nzira yekuwedzera, kana gedhi richitsvedzerera muchigaro chevharuvhu padivi pezvigaro zviviri zvakaenderana, kudzvanywa kwemvura kunoshandiswa kudzvanya gedhi kurwisa muviri wevharuvhu padivi rekubuda revhavha kuti rivhare mvura.
Zvinoenderana nekufamba kwechidzitiro chevhavha kana gedhi rakavhurwa uye rakavharwa, vharanda regedhi rakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: inokwira stem gedhi vharafu uye yakavanzwa stem gedhi vharafu.Dzinde revharuvhu uye ndiro yegedhi yevharuvhu yegedhi inokwira inosimuka nekudonha panguva imwe chete painovhurwa kana kuvharwa;apo iyo yakavanzwa stem gedhi valve yakavhurwa kana kuvharwa, tsinde yevhavha inongotenderera chete, uye kusimudza kwevhavha yevhavha haigoni kuonekwa, uye ndiro yevhavha inokwira kana inowira mitambo.Mukana wekusimuka wetinhi regedhi vharafu ndewekuti kureba kwekuvhura kwegwara kunogona kutongwa nekukwira kuri kuita hunde hwevharuvhu, asi hurefu hwakagarwa hunogona kupfupikiswa.Kana wakatarisana nevhiri reruoko kana mubato, shandura vhiri reruoko kana mubato wakatarisa wachi kuti uvhare vharuvhu.
2. Zviitiko uye misimboti yekusarudza yemavharuvhu egedhi
01. Flatvharafu yegedhi
Nguva yekushandisa ye slab gedhi valve:
(1) Pamapaipi eoiri neegasi chaiwo, vharanda regedhi rine maburi ekudzoreredza zvakare nyore kuchenesa pombi.
(2) Mapaipi uye midziyo yekuchengetedza yemafuta akacheneswa.
(3) Kubiridzira chiteshi chemidziyo yemafuta uye gasi rechisikigo.
(4) Mapaipi ane yakamiswa particle media.
(5) City gasi kutapurirana pombi.
(6) Mvura.
Nheyo yekusarudza ye slabvharafu yegedhi:
(1) Pamapombi emafuta uye gasi chaiwo, shandisa imwe kana kaviri slabgedhi mavharuvhu.Kana zvichidikanwa kuchenesa pombi, shandisa gedhi rimwe chete rine buri rakashama rakashama dzinde regedhi vharafu.
(2) Papombi yekufambisa uye midziyo yekuchengetedza yemafuta akacheneswa, vharanda regedhi rakafuratira rine gondohwe rimwe chete kana gondohwe rakapetwa risina maburi ekutsauka rinosarudzwa.
(3) Kune oiri uye gasi echisikigo kudhirowa port kuisirwa, gedhi rimwe chete kana maviri gedhi slab gedhi mavharuvhu ane yakavanzika tsvimbo inoyangarara zvigaro uye maburi ekutsauka anosarudzwa.
(4) Pamapaipi ane akarembera particle media, banga-shaped slab gedhi mavharuvhu anosarudzwa.
(5) Pamapaipi ekufambisa gasi mumadhorobha, shandisa gedhi rimwe chete kana magedhi maviri akapfava-chakavharwa chidhindo chinokwirisa chetsvimbo chakafuratira mavharuvhu egedhi.
(6) Pamapurojekiti emvura yepombi, gedhi rimwe chete kana maviri gedhi mavharuvhu ane matanda akavhurika asina maburi ekutsauka anosarudzwa.
02. Wedge gedhi valve
Nguva dzinoshanda dzewedge gedhi vharafu: Pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzemavharuvhu, gedhi vharafu ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa.Iyo inowanzo inokodzera chete kuvhura kuzere kana kuvharwa kuzere, uye haigone kushandiswa kudzora uye throttling.
Wedge gedhi mavharuvhu anowanzo shandiswa munzvimbo dzisina kuomesesa zvinodiwa pane ekunze zviyero zvevhavha, uye mamiriro ekushanda ane hutsinye.Semuenzaniso, svikiro rekushanda rekupisa kwepamusoro uye kudzvanywa kwakanyanya kunoda zvikamu zvekuvhara kuti ive nechokwadi chekuisa chisimbiso kwenguva refu, nezvimwe.
Kazhinji, iyo sevhisi mamiriro kana inoda yakavimbika yekuisa chisimbiso kuita, yakanyanya kudzvanywa, yakanyanya kudzvanywa kucheka-kubvisa (yakakura kudzvanywa musiyano), yakaderera kudzvanywa-kubvisa (diki kudzvanywa musiyano), yakaderera ruzha, cavitation uye vaporization, yakakwirira tembiricha yepakati, yakaderera tembiricha ( cryogenic), zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa Wedge gedhi vharafu.Zvakadai seindasitiri yemagetsi, kunyungudutsa peturu, indasitiri yepetrochemical, mafuta ekumahombekombe, mainjiniya ekupa mvura uye mainjiniya ekuchenesa tsvina mukuvaka kwemaguta, indasitiri yemakemikari nemamwe minda anoshandiswa zvakanyanya.
Sarudzo musimboti:
(1) Zvinodiwa zvevharuvhu fluid maitiro.Mavharuvhu egedhi anosarudzirwa mamiriro ekushanda ane kushoma kuyerera kwekudzivirira, simba rekuyerera kwakasimba, maitiro akanaka ekuyerera, uye zvakasimba zvekuisa chisimbiso zvinodiwa.
(2) Kupisa kwepamusoro uye high pressure medium.Zvakadai senge high pressure steam, tembiricha yepamusoro uye mafuta ekumanikidza.
(3) Low tembiricha (cryogenic) svikiro.Zvakadai semvura ammonia, liquid hydrogen, liquid oxygen uye mamwe midhiya.
(4) Kudzvinyirira kwakaderera uye dhayamita yakakura.Zvakadai semabasa emvura, sewage treatment inoshanda.
(5) Nzvimbo yekuisa: Kana iyo yekuisa kureba ishoma, sarudza yakavanzika stem wedge gedhi valve;kana kureba kusingabvumidzwe, sarudza yakafumurwa stem wedge gedhi valve.
(6) Wedge gedhi mavharuvhu anogona kushandiswa chete kana achingogona kushandiswa kuvhurika kwakazara kana kuvharika kwakazara, uye haigone kushandiswa kugadzirisa uye throttling.
3. Kukanganisa kwakajairika uye kuchengetedza
01. Kukanganisa kwakajairika uye zvikonzero zvegedhi mavharuvhu
Mushure mevharafu yegedhiinoshandiswa, nekuda kwemhedzisiro yekushisa kwepakati, kudzvanywa, kuora uye kufamba kwakasiyana kwezvikamu zvakasiyana zvekusangana, matambudziko anotevera anowanzoitika.
(1) Leakage: Kune mhando mbiri, dzinoti external leakage uye internal leakage.Kudonha kwekunze kwevharuvhu kunonzi kubuda kwekunze, uye kubuda kwekunze kunowanzo kuwanikwa mumabhokisi ekuisa zvinhu uye kubatana kweflange.
Zvikonzero zvekudonha kwebhokisi rekuputira: rudzi kana kunaka kwekuputira hakuenderane nezvinodiwa;iyo stuffing iri kuchembera kana tsinde yevharuvhu yakapfekwa;iyo gland yekurongedza yakasununguka;pamusoro pehunde yevharuvhu inokweshwa.
Zvikonzero zvekudonha pakubatana kweflange: Izvo zvinhu kana saizi ye gasket haina kuzadzisa zvinodiwa;iyo yekugadzirisa kunaka kweiyo flange yekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro haina kunaka;mabhoti ekubatanidza haana kusimbiswa zvakanaka;iyo pombi inogadziriswa haina musoro, uye yakawandisa yakawedzera mutoro inogadzirwa pakubatanidzwa.
Zvikonzero zvekubuda kwemukati kwevhavha: Kudonha kunokonzerwa nekuvhara kwevhavha yevhavha ndeyekubuda kwemukati, kunokonzerwa nekukuvadzwa kwechisimbiso chekuvhara kwevhavha kana kuti lax midzi yemhete yekuisa chisimbiso.
(1) Corrosion inowanzoita ngura yemuviri wevharuvhu, bhoneti, dzinde revharuvhu, uye nzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso cheflange.Corrosion inonyanya kukonzerwa nekuita kwepakati, pamwe nekusunungurwa kweion kubva kune fillers uye gaskets.
(2) Kukwenya: kukoromoka kwenzvimbo kana kupeperetswa kwepamusoro kunoitika kana gedhi nechigaro chevharuvhu zvichifamba zvichienderana kune imwe neimwe pasi pekudzvanywa kwekubata.
02. Maintenance ofvharafu yegedhi
(1) Kugadziriswa kwevhavha yekunze kubuda
Paunenge uchimanikidza kurongedza, mabhoti egland anofanirwa kuenzana kudzivirira gland kubva pakurerekera uye kusiya mukaha wekugadzirisa.Paunenge uchimanikidza kurongedza, chivharo chevhavha chinofanirwa kutenderedzwa kuita kurongedza kwakatenderedza valve stem yunifomu, uye kudzivirira kumanikidza kubva pakunyanya kusimba, kuitira kuti isakanganisa kutenderera kwevhavha stem, kuwedzera kupfeka pakurongedza, uye kupfupisa hupenyu hwebasa.Pamusoro pehunde yevharuvhu inokwenywa, izvo zvinoita kuti pakati zviite nyore kubuda.Inofanirwa kugadziriswa kuti ibvise zvikwangwani pamusoro pevhavha yehunde isati yashandiswa.
Nokuda kwekudonha pakubatana kweflange, kana gasket yakakanganiswa, inofanira kuchinjwa;kana zvinhu zvegasket zvakasarudzwa zvisina kunaka, chinhu chinogona kuzadzisa zvinodiwa nekushandiswa chinofanira kusarudzwa;kana hutano hwekugadzirisa hweflange yekuisa chisimbiso huri hurombo, hunofanira kubviswa uye kugadziriswa.Iyo flange yekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro inodzokororwa kusvika yave yakakodzera.
Pamusoro pezvo, kuomesa kwakaringana kwemabhaudhi eflange, kurongeka kwakaringana kwepombi, uye kudzivirira kuwedzeredza mutoro pakubatana kweflange zvese zvinobatsira kudzivirira kuvuza pakubatana kweflange.
(2) Kugadziriswa kwevhavha yemukati inoputika
Kugadziriswa kwekubuda kwemukati ndeyekubvisa kukuvadzwa kwechisimbiso chepamusoro uye midzi yakasununguka yemhete yekuisa chisimbiso (apo mhete yekuisa chisimbiso yakagadziriswa paplate yevhavha kana chigaro nekutsikirira kana tambo).Kana iyo yekuisa chisimbiso yakanyatsogadziriswa pamutumbi wevhavha uye ndiro yevhavha, hapana dambudziko remidzi yakasununguka uye kubuda.
Kana nzvimbo yekuvhara yakakanganiswa zvakanyanya uye nzvimbo yekuvhara yakaumbwa nemhete yekuvhara, mhete yekare inofanira kubviswa uye mhete itsva yekuvhara inofanira kupiwa;kana nzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso ichinyatsogadziriswa pamutumbi wevhavha, nzvimbo yakakanganiswa yekuvhara inofanira kubviswa kutanga.Bvisa, wobva wakuya rin'i nyowani yekuvharisa kana iyo yakagadziridzwa kuita imwe nzvimbo yekuvharisa.Kana zvikwambo, mapundu, kupwanya, dents uye kumwe kukanganisa pamusoro pekuvhara pasi kuri pasi pe0.05mm, zvinogona kubviswa nekukuya.
Kudonha kunoitika pamudzi wemhete yekuisa chisimbiso.Kana mhete yekuisa chisimbiso ichigadziriswa nekudzvanya, isa tetrafluoroethylene tepi kana chena gobvu pendi pavharafuchigaro kana pasi pechindori chemhete yechisimbiso, wobva wadzvanya mhete yekusimbisa kuzadza mudzi wemhete yekuvharisa;Kana mhete yekuisa chisimbiso yaiswa, PTFE tepi kana chena gobvu pendi inofanira kuiswa pakati peshinda kudzivirira mvura kuti isabude pakati peshinda.
(3) Kugadziriswa kwevhavha corrosion
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairika, muviri wevharuvhu nebhoneti zvakasvibiswa zvakafanana, nepo dzinde revharuvhu richiwanzoitwa gomba.Paunenge uchigadzirisa, zvigadzirwa zvekuora zvinofanirwa kubviswa kutanga.Kune tsinde yevharuvhu ine makomba egomba, inofanira kugadziriswa pamucheka kuti ibvise kuora mwoyo, uye shandisa chizadziso chine chinononoka-chinobudisa agent, kana kuchenesa chizadziso nemvura yakasvibiswa kuti ibvise iyo inokuvadza kune tsvina yevhavha.ion inoparadza.
(4) Kugadziriswa kwezvikwambo panzvimbo yakavhara
Panguva yekushandiswa kwevhavha, edza kudzivirira nzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso kubva pakutsvaira, uye torque haifaniri kunge yakakura zvikuru pakuvhara valve.Kana nzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso ichikweshwa, inogona kubviswa nekukuya.
4. Kuonekwa kwevharafu yegedhi
Mumusika wezvino nharaunda uye zvinodiwa nemushandisi, irongedhi mavharuvhukuverengera chikamu chikuru.Semuongorori wemhando yechigadzirwa, pamusoro pekujairana nekuongorora kwemhando yechigadzirwa, unofanirwawo kuve nekunzwisisa kwakanaka kwechigadzirwa chacho.
01. Nheyo yekuona yesimbivharafu yegedhi
Irongedhi mavharuvhuvanoedzwa zvichibva pane yenyika standard GB/T12232-2005 "Flanged irongedhi mavharuvhuzvemavharuvhu”.
02. Kuongorora zvinhu zvesimbivharafu yegedhi
Zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira: zviratidzo, shoma madziro ukobvu, kumanikidzwa bvunzo, goko bvunzo, etc. Pakati pavo, rusvingo ukobvu, kumanikidzwa, uye goko bvunzo zvinodiwa kuongorora zvinhu uye zvinokosha zvinhu.Kana pane zvinhu zvisina kukodzera, zvinogona kutongwa zvakananga sezvisina kukodzera zvigadzirwa .
Muchidimbu, kuongororwa kwemhando yezvigadzirwa ndiyo inonyanya kukosha chikamu chese chekuongorora chigadzirwa, uye kukosha kwayo kunozviratidza.Sevashandi vepamberi vekuongorora, isu tinofanira kugara tichisimbisa hunhu hwedu, kwete kungoita basa rakanaka pakuongorora chigadzirwa, asiwo kune Chete nekuve nekunzwisisa kwezvinhu zvakaongororwa tinogona kuita basa riri nani rekuongorora.
Nguva yekutumira: Mar-31-2023