Vharuvhu yegedhiivharuvhu rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye rine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana. Rinonyanya kushandiswa mukuchengetedza mvura, simbi nedzimwe nzvimbo. Mashandiro aro akasiyana-siyana akaonekwa nemusika. Kuwedzera pakudzidza nezvevharuvhu regedhi, rakaitawo chidzidzo chakakomba uye chakanyatsojeka pakushandiswa nekugadzirisa matambudziko emagetsi.mavharuvhu egedhi.
Inotevera ihurukuro huru pamusoro pemaumbirwo, mashandisirwo, matambudziko, kuongororwa kwemhando uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemavharuvhu egedhi.
1. Chimiro
Maumbirwo evharuvhu yegedhi: iyovharuvhu yegedhiivharuvhu inoshandisa ndiro yegedhi nechigaro chevharuvhu kudzora kuvhura nekuvhara.Vharuvhu yegedhiZvikuru zvinosanganisira muviri wevharuvhu, chigaro chevharuvhu, ndiro yegedhi, tsinde revharuvhu, bhoneti, bhokisi rekuisa zvinhu, gland rekurongedza, tsinde remuti, vhiri reruoko nezvimwewo. Zvichienderana nekuchinja kwenzvimbo iri pakati pegedhi nechigaro chevharuvhu, saizi yechiteshi inogona kuchinjwa uye chiteshi chinogona kuchekwa. Kuti zviitevharuvhu yegedhiKana zvanyatso swedera pedyo, nzvimbo yekusangana yeplate yegedhi nechigaro chevharuvhu zvagayiwa.
Zvichienderana nechimiro chakasiyana chemavharuvhu egedhi, mavharuvhu egedhi anogona kukamurwa kuita mhando ye wedge uye mhando yakafanana.
Gedhi remugodhivharuvhu yegedhiine chimiro chewedge, uye nzvimbo yekuvharira inoumba kona yakachekwa ine mutsetse wepakati wechiteshi, uye wedge iri pakati pegedhi nechigaro chevharuvhu inoshandiswa kuvhara. Wedge plate inogona kuva gondohwe rimwe chete kana gondohwe rakapetwa kaviri.
Nzvimbo dzekuvharira dzevharuvhu yegedhi rakafanana dzakafanana uye dzakamira pakati penzira, uye kune mhando mbiri: nehurongwa hwekuwedzera uye pasina hurongwa hwekuwedzera. Kune makondohwe maviri ane nzira yekupararira. Kana makondohwe achidzika, zvidimbu zvemakondohwe maviri akafanana zvichaparadzira makondohwe maviri pachigaro chevharuvhu pamusoro penzvimbo yakakombama kuti avhare nzira yekuyerera. Kana makondohwe achisimuka uye achivhurika, zvidimbu nemagedhi zvichabva. Nzvimbo yakafanana yeplate inoparadzaniswa, plate yegedhi inokwira kusvika pakukwirira kwakati, uye wedge inotsigirwa neboss paplate yegedhi. Gedhi remaviri risina nzira yekuwedzera, kana gate richitsvedza muchigaro chevharuvhu pamwe chete nenzvimbo mbiri dzechigaro dzakafanana, kumanikidzwa kwemvura kunoshandiswa kudzvanya gate pamusoro pemuviri wevharuvhu parutivi rwekubuda kwevharuvhu kuti ivhare mvura.
Zvichienderana nekufamba kwesimbi yevharuvhu kana gedhi ravhurwa uye rakavharwa, vharuvhu yegedhi yakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: vharuvhu yegedhi rinokwira uye vharuvhu yegedhi rinovharwa. Simba revharuvhu neplate yegedhi yevharuvhu yegedhi rinokwira zvinokwira nekudonha panguva imwe chete kana zvavhurwa kana kuvharwa; kana vharuvhu yegedhi rinovharwa kana kuvharwa, simba revharuvhu rinongotenderera chete, uye kusimudzwa kwesimbi yevharuvhu hakuonekwe, uye vharuvhu inokwira kana kudonha. Kubatsira kwevharuvhu yegedhi rinokwira ndekwekuti kukwirira kwekuvhura kwechiteshi kunogona kutongwa nekukwira kwesimbi yevharuvhu, asi kukwirira kwakatorwa kunogona kupfupikiswa. Kana wakatarisana nevhiri reruoko kana mubato, tenderedza vhiri reruoko kana mubato newachi kuti uvhare vharuvhu.
2. Zviitiko uye misimboti yekusarudza mavharuvhu egedhi
01. Furativharuvhu yegedhi
Nguva dzekushandisa vharuvhu yegedhi reslab:
(1) Pamapaipi emafuta negasi rechisikigo, vharuvhu yegedhi rakati sandara rine maburi ekutsausa iri nyorewo kuchenesa mapaipi.
(2) Mapaipi nemidziyo yekuchengetera mafuta akacheneswa.
(3) Zvishandiso zvekushandisa mafuta negasi rechisikigo.
(4) Mapaipi ane simbi dzakasungirirwa.
(5) Pombi yekufambisa gasi muguta.
(6) Matsime emvura.
Nheyo yekusarudza slabvharuvhu yegedhi:
(1) Pamapaipi emafuta negasi rechisikigo, shandisa slab imwe chete kana mbirimavharuvhu egedhiKana zvichidikanwa kuchenesa pombi, shandisa gedhi rimwe chete rine vharuvhu yegedhi rakatsetseka rine gomba rekutsauka.
(2) Pamapaipi ekufambisa nemidziyo yekuchengetera mafuta akacheneswa, vharuvhu yegedhi rakati sandara ine gondohwe rimwe chete kana gondohwe rakati sandara risina maburi ekutsausa inosarudzwa.
(3) Pakuisa nzvimbo dzekuburitsa mafuta negasi rechisikigo, mavharuvhu egedhi rimwe chete kana maviri ane zvigaro zvakavigwa zvetsvimbo uye maburi ekutsausa anosarudzwa.
(4) Pamapaipi ane simbi dzakasungirirwa, mavharuvhu egedhi akaita sebanga anosarudzwa.
(5) Pamapaipi ekufambisa gasi muguta, shandisai mavharuvhu egedhi rimwe chete kana maviri egedhi rakapfava rinokwira rakatsetseka.
(6) Pamapurojekiti emvura yepombi, mavharuvhu egedhi rimwe chete kana maviri ane tsvimbo dzakavhurika dzisina maburi ekutsausa anosarudzwa.
02. Vharuvhu yegedhi reWedge
Nguva dzinoshanda dzevharuvhu yegedhi re wedge: Pakati pemhando dzakasiyana dzevharuvhu, vharuvhu yegedhi ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa. Inowanzo shandiswa pakuvhura zvizere kana kuvhara zvizere, uye haigone kushandiswa pakudzora nekudzora.
Mavharuvhu egedhi reWedge anowanzo shandiswa munzvimbo dzisina zvinodiwa zvakanyanya pahukuru hwekunze kwevharuvhu, uye mamiriro ekushanda akaomarara. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo yekushanda yekupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya inoda zvikamu zvekuvhara kuti ive nechokwadi chekuvharwa kwenguva refu, nezvimwewo.
Kazhinji, mamiriro ebasa anoda kushanda kwakavimbika kwechisimbiso, kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, kudimburwa kwakanyanya (musiyano mukuru wekumanikidzwa), kudimburwa kwakaderera (musiyano mudiki wekumanikidzwa), ruzha rwakaderera, kuvharwa kwemvura uye kupiswa kwemhepo, tembiricha yepamusoro, tembiricha yakaderera (cryogenic), zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa vharuvhu yegedhi reWedge. Zvakadai seindasitiri yemagetsi, kunyungudutsa petroleum, indasitiri yepetrochemical, mafuta ekunze, engineering yemvura uye engineering yekurapa tsvina mukuvaka kwemaguta, indasitiri yemakemikari nedzimwe nzvimbo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya.
Nheyo yekusarudza:
(1) Zvinodiwa pahunhu hwemvura yevharuvhu. Mavharuvhu egedhi anosarudzwa kuti ashande zvakanaka kana mvura yamira, simba rayo rakasimba, hunhu hwakanaka hwemvura yamira, uye zvinodiwa zvakasimba zvekuvhara.
(2) Tembiricha yepamusoro uye yepakati ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Zvakadai seutsi hwemhepo ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, tembiricha yepamusoro uye oiri ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.
(3) Nzvimbo yekupisa yakaderera (cryogenic). Yakadai seammonia yemvura, hydrogen yemvura, okisijeni yemvura nezvimwe zvinhu.
(4) Kumanikidzwa kwakaderera uye dhayamita yakakura. Zvakaita semabasa emvura, mabasa ekuchenesa tsvina.
(5) Nzvimbo yekuisa: Kana kukwirira kwekuisa kwakadzikira, sarudza vharuvhu yegedhi re stem wedge yakavanzika; kana kukwirira kwacho kusina kudzikamiswa, sarudza vharuvhu yegedhi re stem wedge yakaratidzwa.
(6) Mavharuvhu egedhi reWedge anogona kushandiswa chete kana achigona kushandiswa pakuvhura kana kuvhara zvizere, uye asingakwanise kushandiswa kugadzirisa nekudzora tambo.
3. Zvikanganiso zvakajairika uye kugadzirisa
01. Zvikanganiso zvinowanzoonekwa uye zvinokonzeramavharuvhu egedhi
Mushure mevharuvhu yegedhiInoshandiswa, nekuda kwemhedzisiro yekupisa kuri pakati nepakati, kumanikidzwa, ngura uye kufamba kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinosangana, matambudziko anotevera anowanzoitika.
(1) Kubuda kwemvura: Kune mhando mbiri, dzinoti kubuda kwemvura kunze uye kubuda kwemukati. Kubuda kwemvura kunze kwevharuvhu kunonzi kubuda kwemvura kunze, uye kubuda kwemvura kunze kunowanzo kuwanikwa mumabhokisi ekuputira uye ma flange connections.
Zvikonzero zvekubuda kwebhokisi rekuputira: mhando kana hunhu hwekuputira hahuna kuzadzisa zvinodiwa; kuputira kwava kukwegura kana kuti tsinde revharuvhu rasakara; chifukidziro chepurasitiki chakasununguka; pamusoro petsinde revharuvhu pakanga pakwenywa.
Zvikonzero zvekubuda kwemvura pakubatanidza flange: Chinhu kana saizi yegasket haisviki pazvinodiwa; mhando yekugadzirisa yenzvimbo yekuvharira flange haina kunaka; mabhaudhi ekubatanidza haana kusimbiswa zvakanaka; magadzirirwo epaipi haana musoro, uye mutoro wakawandisa unogadzirwa pakubatanidza.
Zvikonzero zvekubuda kwevharuvhu mukati: Kubuda kwevharuvhu kunokonzerwa nekuvharwa kwevharuvhu kwakasununguka kubuda kwemukati, uko kunokonzerwa nekukuvara kwenzvimbo yekuvharuvhu kana mudzi weringi yekuvharuvhu.
(1) Kuora kunowanzova ngura yemuviri wevharuvhu, bhoneti, tsinde revharuvhu, uye pamusoro pechisimbiso cheflange. Kuora kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekushanda kwechinhu ichi, pamwe nekuburitswa kwemaion kubva muzvizadza nemagasket.
(2) Kukwenya: kukwenya kana kukwenya pamusoro penzvimbo kunoitika kana gedhi nechigaro chevharuvhu zvichifamba zvichienderana nekumanikidzwa kwakati.
02. Kugadziriswa kwevharuvhu yegedhi
(1) Kugadziriswa kwekubuda kwekunze kwevharuvhu
Pakudzvanya chiputiro, mabhoti egland anofanira kuenzana kuitira kuti gland isatsvedzerere uye kusiya mukana wekuoma. Pakudzvanya chiputiro, chiputiro chevharuvhu chinofanira kutenderedzwa kuti chiputiro chakatenderedza chiputiro chevharuvhu chifanane, uye kudzivirira kumanikidzwa kuti kusanyanya kuoma, kuitira kuti chisakanganise kutenderera kwechiputiro chevharuvhu, kuwedzera kupfeka pakuputira, uye kupfupisa hupenyu hwebasa. Pamusoro pechiputiro chevharuvhu pane kukwenya, izvo zvinoita kuti medium ive nyore kubuda. Inofanira kugadziriswa kubvisa mavanga pamusoro pechiputiro chevharuvhu usati washandisa.
Kana paine kubuda kwemvura pa flange connection, kana gasket yakakuvara, inofanira kutsiviwa; kana zvinhu zviri mu gasket zvikasarudzwa zvisina kunaka, chinhu chinogona kusangana nezvinodiwa zvekushandisa chinofanira kusarudzwa; kana mhando yekugadzirisa ye flange sealing surface isina kunaka, inofanira kubviswa yogadziriswa. Flange sealing surface inogadziriswazve kusvika yanyatsokodzera.
Pamusoro pezvo, kusimbaradzwa kwakakodzera kwemabhoti eflange, kurongeka kwakakodzera kwemapaipi, uye kudzivirira mutoro wakawandisa pakubatanidza maflange zvese zvinobatsira kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura pakubatanidza maflange.
(2) Kugadziriswa kwekubuda kwemukati mevharuvhu
Kugadziriswa kwekubuda kwemukati memvura ndekwekubvisa kukuvara kwenzvimbo yekuvharira uye mudzi wakasununguka weringi yekuvharira (kana ringi yekuvharira yakasungirirwa papuratifomu yevharuvhu kana pachigaro nekudzvanya kana kupinza shinda). Kana nzvimbo yekuvharira ikagadziriswa zvakananga pamuviri wevharuvhu nepuratifomu yevharuvhu, hapana dambudziko remudzi wakasununguka uye kubuda kwemvura.
Kana nzvimbo yekuvharira yakuvara zvakanyanya uye nzvimbo yekuvharira yagadzirwa neringi yekuvharira, rin'i yekare inofanira kubviswa uye rin'i itsva yekuvharira inofanira kupihwa; kana nzvimbo yekuvharira yagadziriswa zvakananga pamuviri wevharuvhu, nzvimbo yekuvharira yakakuvara inofanira kubviswa kutanga. Bvisa, wobva wakuya rin'i itsva yekuvharira kana nzvimbo yakagadziriswa kuita nzvimbo itsva yekuvharira. Kana mavanga, mapundu, kupwanyika, maburi nezvimwe zvikanganiso zviri pamusoro pekuvharira zviri pasi pe0.05mm, zvinogona kubviswa nekukuya.
Kubuda kwemvura kunoitika pamudzi weringi yekuvharira. Kana ringi yekuvharira yasimbiswa nekudzvanya, isa tepi ye tetrafluoroethylene kana pendi chena gobvu pairi.vharuvhuchigaro kana pasi pemugero werin'i yerin'i yekuvhara, wobva wadzvanya rin'i yekuvhara kuti uzadze mudzi werin'i yekuvhara; Kana rin'i yekuvhara yaiswa shinda, tepi yePTFE kana pendi chena yakakora inofanira kuiswa pakati peshinda kudzivirira mvura kubva pakati peshinda.
(3) Kugadziriswa kwengura yevharuvhu
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, muviri wevharuvhu nebhoneti zvinogara zvakakora zvakaenzana, nepo hunde yevharuvhu ichigara yakakombama. Pakugadzirisa, zvigadzirwa zvengura zvinofanirwa kutanga zvabviswa. Kune hunde yevharuvhu ine makomba ekukombama, inofanira kugadziriswa nelathe kubvisa kudzika, uye shandisa chizadza chine chinhu chinoburitsa zvishoma nezvishoma, kana kuchenesa chizadza nemvura yakasanganiswa kuti ubvise chizadza chinokuvadza hunde yevharuvhu.
(4) Kugadziriswa kwemavanga panzvimbo inovhara
Paunenge uchishandisa vharuvhu, edza kudzivirira kuti nzvimbo yekuvharira isakwekwe, uye simba remagetsi harifanirwe kunge rakakura zvakanyanya pakuvhara vharuvhu. Kana nzvimbo yekuvharira ikakwekwewa, inogona kubviswa nekukuya.
4. Kuwanikwa kwevharuvhu yegedhi
Mumamiriro ezvinhu emusika aripo iye zvino uye zvinodiwa nevashandisi, ironmavharuvhu egedhivanoongorora huwandu hwechigadzirwa. Semuongorori wemhando yechigadzirwa, pamusoro pekunyatsoziva nezvekuongorora mhando yechigadzirwa, unofanirawo kunzwisisa chigadzirwa chacho pachacho.
01. Hwaro hwekuona simbivharuvhu yegedhi
Simbimavharuvhu egedhizvinoedzwa zvichibva pachiyero chenyika cheGB/T12232-2005 “Flanged ironmavharuvhu egedhiyemavharuvhu akajairika”.
02. Zvinhu zvekuongorora zvesimbivharuvhu yegedhi
Zvinosanganisira zvikuru: zviratidzo, ukobvu hwemadziro hushoma, bvunzo yekumanikidzwa, bvunzo yekugokora, nezvimwewo. Pakati pazvo, ukobvu hwemadziro, kumanikidzwa, uye bvunzo yekugokora zvinhu zvinodiwa zvekuongorora nezvinhu zvakakosha. Kana paine zvinhu zvisina kukodzera, zvinogona kutongwa zvakananga sezvigadzirwa zvisina kukodzera.
Muchidimbu, kuongorora mhando yechigadzirwa ndicho chinhu chakakosha pakuongororwa kwechigadzirwa chose, uye kukosha kwacho kuri pachena. Sevashandi vekutarisa vari pamberi, tinofanira kugara tichisimbisa hunhu hwedu, kwete kungoita basa rakanaka mukuongorora chigadzirwa, asiwo ku. Nekunzwisisa zvigadzirwa zvakaongororwa chete ndipo patinogona kuita basa riri nani rekuongorora.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-31-2023
