Iko kuenderera mberi kwekusimudzira kweindasitiri yevhavha (1967-1978)
01 Kubudirira kweindasitiri kunokanganiswa
Kubva ku1967 kusvika ku1978, nekuda kwekuchinja kukuru munharaunda yemagariro, kukurudzirwa kwekambani yevhavha yakakanganiswawo zvikuru.Zvinonyanya kuratidzwa ndezvi:
1. The valve kubuda kunoderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye hutano hwakanyanya kuderedzwa
2. The valve hurongwa hwekutsvagisa kwesainzi hwakatanga kuita chimiro hwakakanganiswa
3. Medium pressure valve zvigadzirwa zvinova zvenguva pfupi zvakare
4. Kugadzirwa kusina kurongwa kwepamusoro uye kwepakati mavharuvhu ekumanikidza akatanga kuonekwa
02 Tora matanho ekurebesa "valve short line"
Hunhu hwezvigadzirwa muvharafuindasitiri yakaderera zvakakomba, uye mushure mekugadzirwa kwenguva pfupi-yepamusoro uye yepakati kudzvanywa mavharuvhu zvigadzirwa, nyika inonamira kukosha kukuru kune izvi.Iyo Heavy and General Bureau yeBazi Rekutanga reMichina yakagadzira boka revharuvhu kuti rive nebasa rekushandurwa kwehunyanzvi hweindasitiri yemavharuvhu.Mushure mekuongorora kwakadzama uye tsvakurudzo, boka revhavha rakaisa mberi "Chirevo pamusoro peMafungiro pamusoro peKuvandudzwa kweMatanho ekugadzirwa kweHigh and Medium Pressure Valves", iyo yakaendeswa kuState Planning Commission.Mushure mekutsvaga, zvakasarudzwa kuisa 52 miriyoni yuan muindasitiri yevharuvhu kuita shanduko yehunyanzvi kugadzirisa dambudziko rekushomeka kwakakomba kwepamusoro uye kwepakati kudzvanywa.mavharuvhu uye kunaka kunoderera nekukurumidza.
1. Misangano miviri yeKaifeng
Muna Chivabvu 1972, Dhipatimendi Rokutanga reMichina rakabata nyikavharafuindasitiri yebasa rehurukuro muKaifeng City, Henan Province.Huwandu hwezvikamu zve125 uye vamiriri ve198 kubva kumafekitari 88 evharuvhu, 8 akakodzera tsvakurudzo yesainzi uye dhizaini masangano, 13 ematunhu neminisiparati yemichina Bureau uye vamwe vashandisi vakapinda musangano.Musangano uyu wakasarudza kudzoreredza masangano maviri eindastiri uye network yehungwaru, uye akasarudza Kaifeng High Pressure Valve Factory uye Tieling Valve Factory sevatungamiriri vechikwata chepamusoro-soro uye chakaderera, uye Hefei General Machinery Research Institute uye Shenyang Valve Research. Institute ndivo vaitarisira basa rehungwaru network.Musangano uyu wakakurukurawo nekudzidza nyaya dzine chekuita ne “matatu emazuva ano”, kuvandudza mhando yechigadzirwa, tsvakiridzo yehunyanzvi, kupatsanurwa kwechigadzirwa, nekusimudzira indasitiri nemabasa ehungwaru.Kubva ipapo, maindasitiri nemabasa ehungwaru akavhiringwa kwemakore matanhatu akatangazve.Aya matanho akaita basa guru mukusimudzira kugadzirwa kwevharuvhu uye kudzoreredza mamiriro enguva pfupi.
2. Resume indasitiri sangano mabasa uye mashoko exchange
Mushure meKaifeng Musangano muna 1972, mapoka emaindasitiri akatangazve mabasa avo.Panguva iyoyo, mafekitari makumi manomwe nembiri chete aitora chikamu musangano reindasitiri, uye mafekitori mazhinji evharuvhu akange asati atora chikamu musangano reindasitiri.Kuti uronge mafekitori akawanda evharuvhu sezvinobvira, dunhu rega rega rinoronga zviitiko zveindasitiri zvichiteerana.Shenyang High uye Medium Pressure Valve Factory, Beijing Valve Factory, Shanghai Valve Factory, Wuhan Valve Factory,Tianjin Valve Factory, Gansu High uye Medium Pressure Valve Factory, uye Zigong High Pressure Valve Factory vane basa rakateerana kuNortheast, North China, East China, Central South, Northwest, uye Southwest Regions.Munguva iyi, indasitiri yevharuvhu uye mabasa ehungwaru aive akasiyana uye achibereka zvibereko, uye aizivikanwa zvakanyanya nemafekitori muindasitiri iyi.Nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwezviitwa zveindasitiri, kugara uchichinjana ruzivo, kubatsirana uye kudzidza pamwe chete, hazvikurudziri chete kuvandudzwa kwemhando yechigadzirwa, asiwo inosimudzira kubatana uye ushamwari pakati pemafekitori akasiyana siyana, kuitira kuti indasitiri yevharuvhu iite yakabatana. , pamwe chete, takabatana ruoko Tichienda kumberi, tichiratidza chiitiko chine simba uye chinokura.
3. Ita "matatu emazuva ano" ezvigadzirwa zvevharuvhu
Zvinoenderana nemweya wemisangano miviri yeKaifeng uye maonero eHeavy and General Bureau yeBazi rekutanga reMichina, General Machinery Research Institute yakaronga zvakare basa rakakura re "matatu emazuva ano" nerutsigiro rwakasiyana-siyana. mafekitari muindasitiri.Basa re "matatu emazuva ano" ibasa rakakosha rehunyanzvi, inova nhanho inoshanda yekumhanyisa shanduko yetekinoroji yemabhizinesi nekuvandudza mwero wezvigadzirwa zvevharuvhu.Ivhavhavha "matatu emazuva ano" boka rinoshanda rinoshanda maererano ne "zvina zvakanaka" (zviri nyore kushandisa, zviri nyore kuvaka, zviri nyore kugadzirisa uye kuenzanisa zvakanaka) uye "mana kubatanidza" (modhi, maitiro ekushanda, kubatana uye zviyero zvose, zvikamu zvakajairika. misimboti.Icho chikuru chemukati chebasa chine zvinhu zvitatu, chimwe ndechekurerutsa mhando dzakabatanidzwa;imwe yacho ndeyekugadzira uye kudzokorora batch yehunyanzvi zviyero;chechitatu ndechekusarudza uye kupedzisa zvigadzirwa.
4. Tsvakurudzo yehunyanzvi yakakurudzira kuvandudzwa kwetsvakiridzo yesainzi
(1) Kuvandudzwa kwezvikwata zvekutsvagisa zvesainzi uye kuvaka mabhesi ebvunzo Pakupera kwa1969, General Machinery Research Institute yakatamiswa kubva kuBeijing ichienda kuHefei, uye yekutanga kuyerera kweyekupikisa bvunzo mudziyo wakaputswa, izvo zvakakanganisa zvakanyanya tsvagiridzo yesainzi.Muna 1971, vatsvakurudzi vezvesayenzi vakadzokera kuchikwata chimwe pashure pechimwe, uye rabhoritari yekutsvakurudza yevharuvhu yakawedzera kusvika kune vanhu vanopfuura 30, uye yakatumwa nehushumiri kuronga tsvakurudzo yehutano.Rabhoritari yakapfava yakavakwa, yekuyerera kuramba bvunzo mudziyo yakaiswa, uye chaiyo kumanikidza, kurongedza uye mimwe michina yekuyedza yakagadzirwa uye kugadzirwa, uye tsvakiridzo yehunyanzvi pavharuvhu yekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro uye kurongedza kwakatanga.
(2) Zvikuru zvakabudirira Musangano weKaifeng wakaitwa muna 1973 wakagadzira chirongwa chetsvakiridzo chehunyanzvi cheindasitiri yevharuvhu kubva muna 1973 kusvika 1975, uye yakaronga mapurojekiti makumi matatu nemapfumbamwe ekutsvagisa.Pakati pazvo, pane zvinhu zvisere zvekupisa kupisa, zvinhu gumi nematanhatu zvekuvharisa pamusoro, zvinhu zvitanhatu zvekurongedza, chinhu chimwe chemagetsi mudziyo, uye zvinhu zvitanhatu zvekuyedzwa uye kuita bvunzo.Gare gare, muHarbin Welding Research Institute, Wuhan Material Protection Research Institute, uye Hefei General Machinery Research Institute, vashandi vakasarudzika vakagadzwa kuti varonge uye varongedze kuongororwa nguva dzose, uye misangano miviri yebasa pamusoro pezvikamu zvakakosha zvemavharuvhu epamusoro nepakati akaitwa kupfupisa ruzivo, kubatsirana uye kuchinjana, uye akagadzira 1976 -Basic zvikamu tsvakurudzo chirongwa muna 1980. Kuburikidza nekuedza pamwe chete kweindastiri yose, kubudirira kukuru kwakaitwa mubasa rekutsvakurudza kweunyanzvi, izvo zvakakurudzira kuvandudzwa kwekutsvakurudza kwesayenzi muvharuvhu. industry.Mhedzisiro yayo mikuru ndeiyi:
1) Tack panzvimbo yekuisa chisimbiso.Iyo yekuisa chisimbiso pamusoro pekutsvaga inovavarira kugadzirisa dambudziko rekudonha kwemukati kwevharafu.Panguva iyoyo, zvisimbiso zvekumusoro zvechisimbiso zvaive zvakanyanya 20Cr13 uye 12Cr18Ni9, iyo yaive yakaderera kuomarara, kushomeka kusamira, matambudziko makuru emukati ekudonha muzvigadzirwa zvevharuvhu, uye hupenyu hupfupi hwebasa.Shenyang Valve Research Institute, Harbin Welding Research Institute uye Harbin Boiler Factory vakaumba boka rekutsvakurudza rakasanganiswa katatu.Mushure memakore maviri ekushanda nesimba, rudzi rutsva rwechrome-manganese sealing surface surfacing material (20Cr12Mo8) yakagadzirwa.Iyo nyaya ine yakanaka process performance.Yakanaka kukwenya kuramba, hupenyu hurefu hwebasa, uye pasina nickel uye shoma chromium, zviwanikwa zvinogona kuve zvichibva pamusha, mushure mekuongorora kwehunyanzvi, yakakosha zvikuru kukwidziridzwa.
2) Kuzadza tsvakurudzo.Chinangwa chekutsvaga kwekurongedza ndechekugadzirisa dambudziko rekudonha kwevhavha.Panguva iyoyo, kurongedzerwa kwevharuvhu kwainyanya kuisirwa mafuta neasbestos nerabha asbestos, uye kuvharika kwacho kwaive kwakashata, izvo zvakakonzera kubuda kwakanyanya.Muna 1967, General Machinery Research Institute yakaronga boka rekuferefeta rekunze rekuferefeta kuti riongorore zvimwe zvidyarwa zvemakemikari, mafuta ekunatsa uye zvidyarwa zvemagetsi, uyezve kuita tsvakiridzo yekuyedza anti-corrosion pakurongedza uye madzinde evharuvhu.
3) Kuyedzwa kwekuita kwechigadzirwa uye yekutanga theoretical research.Ndichiri kuita tsvakiridzo yehunyanzvi,indasitiri yevharuvhuzvakare yakaitwa nesimba kuyedza kuita kwechigadzirwa uye basic theoretical research, uye yakawana mibairo mizhinji.
5. Ita shanduko yetekinoroji yemabhizinesi
Mushure meKaifeng Musangano muna 1973, iyo indasitiri yese yakaita shanduko yetekinoroji.Matambudziko makuru aivepo muindasitiri yevharuvhu panguva iyoyo: Chekutanga, maitiro aive kumashure, kukanda kwacho kwakanyatso kugadzirwa nemaoko, kukanda-chidimbu chimwe chete, uye maturusi emuchina-chinangwa uye zvigadziriso zvechinangwa zvaiwanzo shandiswa kutonhora kushanda.Imhaka yekuti mhando uye zvakatemwa zvefekitori yega yega zvakadhindwa zvakanyanyisa, uye nhamba yacho yakakura munyika yese, asi mushure mekugoverwa kwefekitori yega yega, batch yekugadzira idiki kwazvo, izvo zvinokanganisa kushanda kwesimba rekugadzira.Mukupindura matambudziko ari pamusoro apa, Heavy and General Bureau yeBazi Rokutanga reMichina yakaisa mberi matanho anotevera: kuronga mafekitari aripo epamusoro nepakati pevharuvhu, kuita kuronga kwakabatana, kugovanisa vashandi zvine musoro, uye kuwedzera kugadzirwa kwakawanda;tora tekinoroji yepamberi, gadzira mitsetse yekugadzira, uye shandira pamwe mumafekitori akakosha uye zvisina chinhu.4 simbi yakakandwa mitsetse yekugadzira isina chinhu yakasimbiswa mumusangano wekukanda simbi, uye gumi mitsara yekugadzira inotonhora yezvikamu zvakamiswa mumafekitori matanhatu akakosha;huwandu hwe52 miriyoni yuan hwakaiswa mushanduko yetekinoroji.
(1) Shanduko yetekinoroji yekupisa tekinoroji Mukuchinja kweiyo tekinoroji yekugadzirisa tekinoroji, matekinoroji akadai semvura yegirazi tidal shell mold, jecha rakanyungudutswa, tidal mold uye kukanda kwakaringana kwakakurumbira.Precision casting inogona kuona chip-shoma kana kunyange chip-yemahara machining.Inokodzera gedhi, kurongedza gland uye muviri wevharuvhu uye bhoneti yediki-dhayamita mavharuvhu, ane pachena mabhenefiti ehupfumi.Muna 1969, Shanghai Lianggong Valve Factory yakatanga kushandisa iyo chaiyo yekukanda maitiro pakugadzirwa kwevharuvhu, yePN16, DN50 gedhi vharafu muviri,
(2) Shanduko yeinotonhora yekushanda tekinoroji Mukuchinja kweinotonhora yekushanda tekinoroji, yakakosha maturusi emuchina uye mitsetse yekugadzira inoshandiswa muindasitiri yevharuvhu.Kare muna 1964, Shanghai Valve No. 7 Factory yakagadzira uye yakagadzira gedhi revhavha yemuviri inokambaira mhando semi-otomatiki yekugadzira mutsara, inova yekutanga yakaderera-kumanikidza vharafu semi-otomatiki yekugadzira mutsara muindasitiri yevharuvhu.Zvadaro, Shanghai Valve No. 5 Factory yakagadzirwa uye yakagadzirwa semi-otomatiki yekugadzira mutsara weDN50 ~ DN100 yakaderera-kudzvinyirira globe valve muviri uye bhoneti muna 1966.
6. Simbisa mhando itsva uye uvandudze mwero wemaseti akazara
Kuitira kuzadzisa zvinodikanwa zveakakura-akazara seti emidziyo yakadai sepetroleum, indasitiri yemakemikari, simba remagetsi, simbi uye petrochemical indasitiri, iyo indasitiri yevharuvhu iri kugadzira zvine simba zvigadzirwa zvitsva panguva imwe chete yeshanduko yetekinoroji, iyo yakavandudza kuenzanirana. chiyero chezvigadzirwa zvevharuvhu.
03 Pfupiso
Tichitarisa kumashure 1967-1978, kuvandudzwa kwevharafu indasitiri yakambokanganiswa zvikuru.Nekuda kwekukurumidza kukura kwepetroleum, kemikari, simba remagetsi, metallurgy uye marasha maindasitiri, mavharuvhu akakwira uye epakati akave "zvigadzirwa zvenguva pfupi".Muna 1972, sangano reindasitiri yevharuvhu rakatanga kutangazve nekuita mabasa.Mushure memisangano miviri yeKaifeng, yakaitwa nesimba "matatu emazuva ano" uye basa rekutsvagisa tekinoroji, richiisa shanduko yeshanduko yetekinoroji muindasitiri yese.Muna 1975, indasitiri yevharuvhu yakatanga kugadzirisa, uye kugadzirwa kweindasitiri kwakatora shanduko kuti ive nani.
Muna 1973, State Planning Commission yakabvumidza matanho ezvivakwa ekuwedzera kugadzirwa kwepamusoro uye pakati nepakatimavharuvhu.Mushure mekudyara, indasitiri yevharuvhu yakaita shanduko inogona kuitika.Kuburikidza neshanduko yetekinoroji uye kukwidziridzwa, mamwe matekinoroji epamberi akagamuchirwa, kuitira kuti nhanho yekutonhora yekugadzira muindasitiri yese yakagadziridzwa kusvika pamwero wakati, uye dhigirii remakina ekugadzirisa kupisa kwakagadziridzwa kune imwe nhanho.Mushure mekusimudzirwa kweplasma spray welding process, mhando yechigadzirwa chepamusoro uye yepakati mavharuvhu ekumanikidza yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya, uye dambudziko re "imwe pfupi uye maviri kuvuza" yakagadziridzwa zvakare.Nekupedzwa nekushanda kwemapurojekiti makumi matatu nemaviri ekuyera zvivakwa, indasitiri yevharuvhu yeChina ine hwaro hwakasimba uye kugona kukuru kwekugadzira.Kubva 1970, kubuda kwemavharuvhu epamusoro uye epakati zvakaramba zvichikura.Kubva 1972 kusvika 1975, zvakabuda zvakawedzera kubva 21,284t kusvika 38,500t, net mambure kuwedzera 17,216t mumakore 4, zvakaenzana negore goho muna 1970. Kubuda kwepagore kwemavharuvhu e-low-pressure yakagadzikana pamwero we70,000. kusvika ku80,000 matani.Munguva iyi,vharafu indasitiri yakagadzira zvine simba zvigadzirwa zvitsva, kwete chete marudzi e-general-chinangwa mavharuvhu akagadzirwa zvakanyanya, asiwo akakosha mavharuvhu ezviteshi zvemagetsi, mapaipi, ekupedzisira-yakanyanya kudzvanywa, yakaderera tembiricha uye indasitiri yenyukireya, aerospace uye mamwe mavharuvhu ane chinangwa chakakosha zvakare. yakakura zvikuru.Kana ma1960s yaive nguva yekuvandudzwa kukuru kwemavharuvhu echinangwa chese, saka ma1970 yaive nguva yekuvandudzwa kukuru kwemavharuvhu echinangwa.Kugona kwekutsigira kwemumbamavharuvhu yakavandudzwa zvikuru, iyo inonyatsozadzisa zvido zvebudiriro zvezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zveupfumi hwenyika.
Nguva yekutumira: Aug-04-2022