Vanhu vanowanzo funga kutivharuvhuyesimbi isingasvibi uye haizosvibi. Kana ikadaro, inogona kunge iri dambudziko nesimbi. Uku kusava nechokwadi kwekunzwisisa simbi isingasvibi, iyo inogonawo kuita ngura pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
Simbi isina ngura ine simba rekudzivirira oxidation yemhepo—ndiko kuti, inodzivirira ngura, uye ine simba rekuora mune zvinyorwa zvine acids, alkalis, uye munyu.—ndiko kuti, kuramba ngura. Zvisinei, hukuru hwekugona kwayo kurwisa ngura hunochinja nekugadzirwa kwemakemikari kwesimbi yayo pachayo, mamiriro ekudzivirira, mamiriro ekushandiswa uye rudzi rwezvinhu zvinodzivirira zvakatipoteredza.
Simbi isina chinhu inowanzo kamurwa kuita:
Kazhinji, zvichienderana nechimiro chesimbi, simbi isingatsvi yakajairika inokamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: simbi isingatsvi yaustenitic, simbi isingatsvi yaferritic, uye simbi isingatsvi yamartensitic. Zvichibva pazvivakwa zvitatu izvi zvesimbi, kune zvinodiwa nezvinangwa chaizvo, simbi dzine zvikamu zviviri, simbi dzisingatsvi yaustenica uye simbi dzine alloy yakawanda dzine iron iri pasi pe50%.
1. Simbi isina ngura yeAustenitic.
Matrix inotongwa nechimiro che austenite (CY phase) chechimiro chekristaro che cubic chiri pakati pechiso, chisina magineti, uye chinonyanya kusimbiswa nekushanda kwechando (uye kunogona kukonzera mamwe magineti) simbi isingatsvedzeri. American Iron and Steel Institute inosarudzwa nenhamba dziri mu200 ne300 series, dzakadai se304.
2. Simbi isina ngura yeFerritic.
Matrix ndiyo inodzorwa nechimiro cheferrite ((chikamu) chechimiro chekristaro checubic chiri pakati pemuviri, icho chine magineti uye kazhinji hachigoni kuomeswa nekupisa, asi chinogona kusimbiswa zvishoma nekushanda kuchitonhora. American Iron and Steel Institute ine 430 ne446.
3. Simbi isina ngura yeMartensitic.
Matrix iyi ichimiro chemartensitic (cubic kana cubic inonamira mumuviri), ine magineti, uye hunhu hwayo hwemakanika hunogona kugadziriswa nekupisa. American Iron and Steel Institute inosarudzwa nenhamba 410, 420 na440. Martensite ine chimiro cheaustenite pakupisa kwakanyanya, uye kana yatonhodzwa kusvika pakupisa kwemukamuri pachiyero chakakodzera, chimiro cheaustenite chinogona kushandurwa kuita martensite (kureva, yakaoma).
4. Simbi isina ngura yeAustenitic-ferritic (duplex).
Matrix ine chimiro che austenite ne ferrite chezvikamu zviviri, uye huwandu hwematrix isina zvikamu zvakawanda hunowanzo pfuura 15%. Ine magineti uye inogona kusimbiswa nekushanda kunotonhora. 329 isimbi isina ngura yakajairika ine duplex. Kana ichienzaniswa nesimbi isina ngura ye austenitic, simbi ine zvikamu zviviri ine simba rakawanda, uye kuramba ngura ye intergranular uye chloride stress corrosion uye pitting corrosion kwakavandudzika zvakanyanya.
5. Simbi isina ngura inoomesa mvura.
Matrix yacho yakagadzirwa neaustenite kana kuti martensitic uye inogona kuomeswa nekuoma kwemvura. American Iron and Steel Institute ine nhamba 600 series, yakaita se630, inova 17-4PH.
Kazhinji, pamusoro pema alloys, kuramba ngura kwe austenitic stainless steel kwakanyanya kunaka. Munzvimbo isina ngura yakawanda, ferritic stainless steel inogona kushandiswa. Munzvimbo isina ngura yakawanda, kana zvinhu zvichidikanwa kuti zvive nehupamhi hwepamusoro. Kuti ive nesimba kana kuomarara kwakanyanya, martensitic stainless steel uye precipitation stainless steel zvinoomesa zvinogona kushandiswa.
Magiredhi esimbi isina ngura akajairika uye zvivakwa
01 304 Simbi Isina Kushanda
Ndiyo imwe yesimbi dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya uye dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya dze austenitic stainless steels. Yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvakadzika uye mapaipi ane acid, magaba, zvikamu zvechimiro, mitumbi yakasiyana-siyana yemidziyo, nezvimwewo. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa kugadzira michina isina magineti, ine tembiricha yakaderera uye zvikamu.
02 304L Simbi Isina Kusimba
Kuti dambudziko resimbi isina ngura ye ultra-low carbon austenitic yakagadzirwa nekuda kwekunaya kwemvura muCr23C6 zvichikonzera ngura yakakura yesimbi isina ngura ye 304 pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, kuramba kwayo ngura ye 304 kwakasimba kuri nani pane simbi isina ngura ye 304. Kunze kwesimba rayo rakaderera zvishoma, zvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana nesimbi isina ngura ye 321. Inonyanya kushandiswa pamidziyo inodzivirira ngura uye zvikamu zvisingagone kugadziriswa mushure mekusveta, uye inogona kushandiswa kugadzira michina yakasiyana-siyana.
03 304H Simbi Isina Kushanda
Bazi remukati resimbi isingatsvi 304 rine chikamu chekabhoni che0.04%-0.10%, uye kushanda kwaro pakupisa kwakanyanya kuri nani pane kwesimbi isingatsvi 304.
04 316 Simbi Isina Kusimba
Kuwedzera molybdenum kubva pasimbi ye10Cr18Ni12 kunoita kuti simbi ive nekudzivirira kwakanaka kuderedza ngura iri pakati nepakati uye ine makomba. Mumvura yegungwa nedzimwe nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, kudzivirira ngura kuri nani pane simbi isingasvibi 304, inonyanya kushandiswa pazvinhu zvinodzivirira makomba.
05 316L Simbi Isina Kusimba
Simbi ine kabhoni shoma kwazvo inodzivirira ngura inokonzereswa neganda uye yakakodzera kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvakasungirirwa nemidziyo ine saizi yakakora, senge zvinhu zvinodzivirira ngura mumidziyo yepetrochemical.
06 316H Simbi Isina Kushanda
Bazi remukati resimbi isingatsvi 316 rine chikamu chekabhoni che0.04%-0.10%, uye kushanda kwaro pakupisa kwakanyanya kuri nani pane kwesimbi isingatsvi 316.
07 317 Simbi Isina Kushanda
Kudzivirira ngura kubva mugomba uye kukwira kwemvura zviri nani pane simbi isingatsvedzeri ye316L, iyo inoshandiswa mukugadzira michina inodzivirira ngura kubva mupetrochemical uye organic acid.
08 321 Simbi Isina Zvisimbiso
Simbi isina ngura yakasimbiswa netitanium, ichiwedzera titanium kuti irambe ichidzivirira ngura pakati pegranular, uye ine hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika anodziya zvakanyanya, inogona kutsiviwa nesimbi isina ngura yakakwira-low carbon austenitic. Kunze kwezviitiko zvakakosha zvakaita sekudzivirira ngura kana hydrogen, haikurumidzi kushandiswa.
09 347 Simbi Isina Kusimba
Simbi isina tsvina ye austenitic yakagadzika yakasimbiswa ne niobium, ichiwedzera niobium kuti ivandudze kuramba kwe ngura pakati pe granular, kuramba kwe ngura mu acid, alkali, munyu nezvimwe zvinoparadza zvakafanana ne 321 stainless steel, kushanda zvakanaka kwe welding, inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chinodzivirira ngura uye chinodzivirira ngura. Simbi inopisa inonyanya kushandiswa mumagetsi ekupisa uye petrochemical, senge kugadzira midziyo, mapaipi, exchangers dzekupisa, shafts, machubhu echoto mumaindasitiri, uye ma thermometers echuto chechoto.
10 904L Simbi Isina Kusimba
Simbi isina ngura yeSuper Complete austenitic imhando yesimbi isina ngura yesuper austenitic yakagadzirwa neOUTOKUMPU muFinland. , Ine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira ngura mumaasidhi asina oxidizing akadai sesulfuric acid, acetic acid, formic acid uye phosphoric acid, uye ine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira ngura yakachekwa uye stress corrosion. Yakakodzera huwandu hwakasiyana hwesulfuric acid pasi pe70°C, uye ine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira ngura mu acetic acid uye musanganiswa we formic acid ne acetic acid chero kupi zvako uye tembiricha pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakajairika.
11 440C simbi isina ngura
Simbi isina tsvina yeMartensitic ine kuoma kwakanyanya pakati pesimbi dzisina tsvina dzinoomarara uye simbi dzisina tsvina, ine kuomarara kweHRC57. Inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira nozzles, mabheyaringi,shavishavivharuvhu mativi,shavishavivharuvhu zvigaro, maoko emaoko,vharuvhu madzinde, nezvimwewo.
12 simbi isina ngura ye 17-4PH
Simbi isina ngura inoomesa mvura ine kuomarara kweHRC44 ine simba rakawanda, kuomarara uye kuramba ngura uye haigone kushandiswa patembiricha dzinopfuura 300°C. Inodzivirira ngura zvakanaka mumhepo uye ine acid kana munyu wakadzikiswa. Inodzivirira ngura zvakafanana nesimbi isingatsvedzeri 304 uye simbi isingatsvedzeri 430. Inoshandiswa kugadzira mapuratifomu ekunze, ma turbine blades,shavishavivharuvhu (mavharuvhu, zvigaro zvevharuvhu, maoko emaoko, matsinde evharuvhu) wait. (kana kuti, "ait")
In vharuvhu Dhizaini nesarudzo, masisitimu akasiyana-siyana, akatevedzana, uye mamakisi esimbi isingatsvinda anowanzo sangana nawo. Pakusarudza, dambudziko rinofanira kutariswa kubva pamaonero akasiyana-siyana akadai senzira chaiyo yekushanda, tembiricha, kumanikidzwa, zvikamu zvakamanikidzwa, ngura, uye mutengo.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-20-2022
