Iyovharuvhu yeshavishaviYakatangwa muUnited States kuma1930. Yakaunzwa kuJapan kuma1950 uye yakanga isinganyanyo shandiswa muJapan kusvika kuma1960. Yakanga isina kufarirwa munyika yangu kusvika kuma1970. Zvinhu zvikuru zvemavharuvhu eshavishavi ndeizvi: torque diki yekushanda, nzvimbo diki yekuisa uye huremu hwakareruka. Tichitora DN1000 semuenzaniso,vharuvhu yeshavishaviinenge 2T, nepovharuvhu yegedhiinenge 3.5T. Iyovharuvhu yeshavishaviZviri nyore kusanganisa nemidziyo yakasiyana-siyana yekufambisa uye zvine kugara kwenguva refu uye kuvimbika. Dambudziko remavharuvhu emabhatafura ane rabha nderekuti kana akashandiswa pakudhonza, cavitation inoitika nekuda kwekushandiswa zvisina kunaka, zvichiita kuti chigaro cherabha chibviswe uye chikanganiswe. Saka, nzira yekuisarudza nemazvo inoenderana nemamiriro ekushanda. Hukama huripo pakati pekuvhurwa kwevharuvhu yebhatafura uye flow rate hwakanyanya kurongeka. Kana ikashandiswa kudzora flow rate, flow features dzayo dzine hukama hwakanyanya nekuramba flow kwepombi. Semuenzaniso, kana valvu caliber nechimiro chemapaipi maviri zvakafanana, asi loss coefficient yepipeline yakasiyana, flow speed yevharuvhu ichave yakasiyanawo zvikuru. Kana valvu iri mumamiriro e throttling amplitude yakakura, cavitation inogona kuitika kumashure kwevharuvhu plate, izvo zvinogona kukuvadza valvu. Inowanzo shandiswa kunze kwe15°. Kanavharuvhu yeshavishaviiri pakati pekuvhurika, chimiro chekuvhurika chakagadzirwa nemuviri wevharuvhu uye mugumo wepamberi wepuratifomu yebharuvhu uri pakati peshaft yevharuvhu, uye mamiriro akasiyana anoumbwa kumativi ese ari maviri. Mugumo wepamberi wepuratifomu yebharuvhu kune rumwe rutivi unofamba uchienda kunzira yekuyerera kwemvura, uye rumwe rutivi rwunofamba uchienda kunzira yekuyerera kwemvura. Naizvozvo, muviri wevharuvhu nepuratifomu yevharuvhu kune rumwe rutivi zvinoumba kuvhurika kwakaita semuromo wemuromo, uye rumwe rutivi rwakafanana nekuvhurika kwakaita segomba remutsipa. Rutivi rwemuromo wemuromo rune mwero wekuyerera unokurumidza kupfuura divi remutsipa wemutsipa, uye kumanikidzwa kwakashata kuchagadzirwa pasi pevharuvhu kurutivi rwemutsipa wemutsipa, uye chisimbiso cherabha chinowanzodonha. Torque inoshanda yevharuvhu yeshavishaviZvinosiyana-siyana nekuda kwemaburi akasiyana uye nzira dzekuvhura nekuvhara kwevharuvhu. Torque inokonzerwa nemusiyano uripo pakati pemisoro yemvura yepamusoro neyepasi yevharuvhu remashavishavi rakatwasuka, kunyanya vharuvhu hombe, nekuda kwekudzika kwemvura, haigone kuregeredzwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kana gokora rakaiswa parutivi rwekupinda kwevharuvhu, kuyerera kwebias kunoumbwa, uye torque inozowedzera. Kana vharuvhu iri pakati pekuvhurika, mashandiro ekushanda anofanira kuzvivharira ega nekuda kwekushanda kwetorque yekuyerera kwemvura.
China ine macheni akawanda eindasitiri yemavharuvhu, asi haisi simba revharuvhu. Kazhinji, nyika yangu yapinda mumasimba epasi rose emavharuvhu, asi maererano nemhando yezvigadzirwa, nyika yangu ichiri kure nekuva simba revharuvhu. Indasitiri iyi ichiri nekugadzirwa kwakaderera, kugona kwakaderera kweR&D kwemavharuvhu kunoenderana nezvigadzirwa zvepamusoro, uye nhanho yakaderera yekugadzira tekinoroji muindasitiri yemavharuvhu, uye kushomeka kwekutengeserana kwekunze nekutengesa kunze kuri kuramba kuchikura. Hapana makambani akawanda emavharuvhu anogona kurarama mumusika. Zvisinei, kushamisika uku kukuru muindasitiri yemavharuvhu kuchaunza mikana mikuru, uye mhedzisiro yekushamisika kuchaita kuti mashandiro emusika ave nemusoro. Nzira yekuenda kunzvimbo yemavharuvhu epamusoro "yakaoma". Zvikamu zvekutanga zvave kushomeka kunoganhurira kukura kweindasitiri yekugadzira yenyika yangu kune yepamusoro. Munguva yeChirongwa cheMakore Mashanu chegumi nembiri, hurumende icharamba ichiwedzera nzvimbo yezvikamu zvemidziyo yepamusoro. Pano tinosarudza zviitiko zvakakosha mu "Chirongwa Chekushandisa" uye maindasitiri emavharuvhu anomiririra ekuongorora kugona kwekutsiva kupinzwa kwekunze. Kubva muongororo iyi, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mukana wekuti mavharuvhu apihwe kune dzimwe nyika mumakambani akasiyana-siyana akasiyana-siyana unosiyana zvikuru, uye mavharuvhu epamusoro-soro anoda nhungamiro yakawanda yemutemo uye rutsigiro rwesainzi.
Indasitiri yemavharuvhu inoita basa rakakosha zvikuru sechisungo chakakosha muindasitiri yekugadzira michina mukusimudzira hupfumi hwenyika. Sezvo indasitiri yekugadzira mavharuvhu munyika yangu ichiri kure nedanho repamusoro repasi rose, zvakawanda zvakakoshamavharuvhunematanho akakwira, tembiricha yakakwira uye kumanikidzwa kwakakwira, uye huwandu hwemapaundi akakwira zvagara zvichivimba nemitengo inotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Semuenzaniso, rudzi rweEuropean OMAL rwagara rwuri sarudzo huru yeindasitiri yekushandisa mavharuvhu emuno. Kuti vasimudzire kufambiswa kwemavharuvhu munzvimbo, mushure mekunge Dare reHurumende raburitsa "Maonero Akasiyana-siyana Ekukurumidzisa Kuvandudzwa kweIndasitiri Yekugadzira Midziyo", madhipatimendi ehurumende akakodzera akaita nhevedzano yekushandiswa kukuru zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nenyika kuti michina mikuru ishandiswe munzvimbo. Vachitungamirirwa neNational Development and Reform Commission, China Machinery Industry Federation neChina General Machinery Industry Association vakaisa uye vakagadzira chirongwa chevharuvhuChirongwa chenzvimbo yemidziyo mikuru muminda ine chekuita nayo, uye chave chichienderana nemadhipatimendi akakodzera kakawanda. Iye zvino kugadziriswa kwemavharuvhu kwave kubvumirana muindasitiri yemavharuvhu emuno. Kutora zviyero zvepasi rose zvekugadzira zvigadzirwa; kutora zvivakwa zvekunze zvakanaka (kusanganisira matekinoroji ane patent); kuyedzwa kwechigadzirwa uye kuongororwa kwekushanda kunoitwa zvinoenderana nemazinga epasi rose; kutora ruzivo rwekugadzira kunze uye kuisa kukosha pakutsvagisa nekusimudzirwa kwezvinhu zvitsva; kujekesa maparameter ehunyanzvi nemamiriro ekushanda ezvigadzirwa zvevharuvhu zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika, nezvimwewo inzira dzekukurumidzisa maitiro enzvimbo, kukurudzira kugadziridzwa kunogara kuripo kwezvigadzirwa zvevharuvhu, uye kuona zvizere nzvimbo yemavharuvhu. Nekukurumidza kwekugadziriswazve kwenhanho muindasitiri yemavharuvhu, indasitiri yeramangwana ichave nemakwikwi pakati pemhando yezvigadzirwa zvevharuvhu uye kuchengetedzeka uye mhando dzezvigadzirwa. Zvigadzirwa zvichakura zvichienderana netekinoroji yepamusoro, maparameter akakwira, kuramba kwakasimba kwengura, uye hupenyu hurefu. Kuburikidza nekuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji kunoramba kuripo, kuvandudzwa kwezvigadzirwa zvitsva, uye shanduko yetekinoroji chete ndiko kunogona kuvandudzwa tekinoroji yechigadzirwa zvishoma nezvishoma kuti isangane nekubatana kwemidziyo yemuno uye kuzadzisa zvizere nzvimbo yemavharuvhu. Pasi penzvimbo yakakura yekuda, indasitiri yekugadzira mavharuvhu yenyika yangu icharatidza mikana iri nani yekuvandudza.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-02-2024
