Zvichitungamirirwa nehurongwa hwe "dual carbon", maindasitiri mazhinji akagadzira nzira yakajeka yekuchengetedza simba uye kuderedza kabhoni. Kuzadzikiswa kwekusapindirana kwekabhoni hakuparadzaniswi nekushandiswa kwetekinoroji yeCCUS. Kushandiswa kwakananga kwetekinoroji yeCCUS kunosanganisira kutora kabhoni, kushandiswa uye kuchengetwa kwekabhoni, nezvimwewo. Iyi nhevedzano yekushandiswa kwetekinoroji inongowanzo sanganisira kufananidza mavharuvhu. Kubva pamaonero emaindasitiri ane hukama uye mashandisirwo, kukura kweramangwana. Tarisiro inofanirwa kutariswa nevharuvhuindasitiri.
1. Pfungwa yeCCUS neketani yeindasitiri
Pfungwa yeA.CCUS
CCUS ingave isingazivikanwe kana kutozivikanwa nevanhu vazhinji. Saka, tisati tanzwisisa kukanganisa kweCCUS paindasitiri yemavharuvhu, ngatidzidzei nezveCCUS pamwe chete. CCUS ipfupiso yeChirungu (Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage)
Cheni yeindasitiri yeB.CCUS.
Cheni yese yeindasitiri yeCCUS inoumbwa nezvinobatanidza zvishanu: nzvimbo inoburitsa utsi, kutora, kutakurwa, kushandiswa nekuchengetedzwa, uye zvigadzirwa. Zvinobatanidza zvitatu zvekutora, kutakurwa, kushandiswa nekuchengetedzwa zvine hukama hwakanyanya neindasitiri yemavharuvhu.
2. Mhedzisiro yeCCUS pavharuvhuindasitiri
Zvichikonzerwa nekusapindira kwekabhoni, kushandiswa kwekutora kabhoni uye kuchengetwa kwekabhoni mumafuta epetrochemical, simba rekupisa, simbi, simende, kudhinda nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri pasi peindasitiri yemavharuvhu zvichawedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, uye zvicharatidza hunhu hwakasiyana. Mabhenefiti eindasitiri achaburitswa zvishoma nezvishoma, uye tinofanira kunyatsoteerera kufambira mberi kwakakodzera. Kudiwa kwemavharuvhu muindasitiri shanu dzinotevera kuchawedzera zvakanyanya.
A. Kudiwa kweindasitiri yemafuta ndiko kwekutanga kusimbiswa
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kudiwa kwekudzikiswa kwemafuta emuchadenga munyika yangu muna 2030 kunosvika matani angangoita mamiriyoni makumi mashanu, uye kuchaderera zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika panosvika 0 panosvika 2040. Nekuti maindasitiri emafuta emuchadenga nemakemikari ndiwo nzvimbo huru dzekushandiswa kwecarbon dioxide, uye kubatwa kwekushandiswa kwesimba kushoma, mari yekudyara uye mari yekushandisa nekugadzirisa yakaderera, kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yeCUSS kwave kwekutanga kukurudzirwa mundima iyi. Muna 2021, Sinopec ichatanga kuvaka chirongwa chekutanga cheCCUS chemamiriyoni ematani cheChina, chirongwa cheQilu Petrochemical-Shengli Oilfield CCUS. Kana chirongwa ichi chapera, chichava nzvimbo huru yekuratidzira indasitiri yakazara yeCCUS muChina. Data rakapihwa neSinopec rinoratidza kuti huwandu hwecarbon dioxide hwakatorwa neSinopec muna 2020 hwasvika matani angangoita mamiriyoni 1.3, ayo matani zviuru mazana matatu achashandiswa pakuzadza mafuta mumunda wemafuta, izvo zvakawana mhedzisiro yakanaka mukuvandudza kudzoreredzwa kwemafuta asina kuchekwa uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwecarbon.
B. Kudiwa kweindasitiri yemagetsi ekupisa kuchawedzera
Kubva pamamiriro ezvinhu aripo pari zvino, kudiwa kwemavharuvhu muindasitiri yemagetsi, kunyanya indasitiri yemagetsi anodziya, hakuna kukura zvakanyanya, asi pasi pekumanikidzwa kwehurongwa hwe "dual carbon", basa rekubvisa kabhoni mumafekitori emagetsi anoshandisa marasha riri kuramba richioma. Sekureva kwemasangano akakodzera: kudiwa kwemagetsi munyika yangu kunotarisirwa kuwedzera kusvika 12-15 trillion kWh panosvika 2050, uye matani 430-1.64 bhiriyoni ecarbon dioxide anofanira kuderedzwa kuburikidza netekinoroji yeCCUS kuti pave ne zero emissions musystem yemagetsi. Kana plant yemagetsi inoshandisa marasha ikaiswa neCCUS, inogona kutora 90% yecarbon emissions, zvichiita kuti ive tekinoroji yekugadzira simba rine kabhoni shoma. Kushandiswa kweCCUS ndiyo nzira huru yehunyanzvi yekuona kuchinjika kwesystem yemagetsi. Muchiitiko ichi, kudiwa kwemavharuvhu kunokonzerwa nekuiswa kweCCUS kuchawedzera zvakanyanya, uye kudiwa kwemavharuvhu mumusika wemagetsi, kunyanya musika wemagetsi anodziya, kucharatidza kukura kutsva, uko kunofanirwa kutariswa nemabhizinesi eindasitiri yemavharuvhu.
C. Kudiwa kwesimbi neindasitiri yesimbi kuchakura
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kudiwa kwekuderedza utsi muna 2030 kuchave pakati pematani mamiriyoni mazana maviri kusvika pamamiriyoni makumi mashanu pagore. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti pamusoro pekushandiswa nekuchengetwa kwekabhoni dhayokisaidhi muindasitiri yesimbi, inogonawo kushandiswa zvakananga mukugadzira simbi. Kushandisa matekinoroji aya zvizere kunogona kuderedza utsi ne5%-10%. Kubva pamaonero aya, kudiwa kwemavharuvhu akakodzera muindasitiri yesimbi kuchachinja zvinhu zvitsva, uye kudiwa kucharatidza kukura kukuru.
D. Kudiwa kweindasitiri yesimende kuchakura zvakanyanya
Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kudiwa kwekuderedzwa kweutsi muna 2030 kuchave kubva pamatani mamiriyoni zana kusvika pamatani mamiriyoni zana nemakumi mashanu nemaviri pagore, uye kudiwa kwekuderedzwa kweutsi muna 2060 kuchave kubva pamatani mamiriyoni zana nemakumi mapfumbamwe kusvika pamatani mamiriyoni mazana maviri negumi pagore. Kabhoni dhayokisaidhi inogadzirwa nekuora kwe limestone muindasitiri yesimende inoumba inenge 60% yehutsi hwese, saka CCUS inzira inodiwa yekubvisa kabhoni muindasitiri yesimende.
Kudiwa kwesimba rehydrogen kuchashandiswa zvakanyanya
Kubvisa hydrogen yebhuruu kubva mumethane mugasi rechisikigo kunoda kushandiswa kwemavharuvhu akawanda, nekuti simba rinotorwa kubva mukugadzirwa kweCO2, kutora nekuchengetera kabhoni (CCS) kunodiwa, uye kutumira nekuchengetera kunoda kushandiswa kwemavharuvhu akawanda.
3. Mazano eindasitiri yemavharuvhu
CCUS ichava nenzvimbo yakakura yekuvandudza. Kunyangwe ichitarisana nematambudziko akasiyana-siyana, nekufamba kwenguva, CCUS ichava nenzvimbo yakakura yekuvandudza, izvo zvisingapokanwi. Indasitiri yemavharuvhu inofanira kuramba ichinzwisisa zvakajeka uye yakagadzirira pfungwa zvakakwana izvi. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti indasitiri yemavharuvhu ishandise minda ine chekuita neindasitiri yeCCUS.
A. Kutora chikamu muzvirongwa zvekuratidzira zveCCUS. Kuti chirongwa cheCCUS chiitwe muChina, makambani eindasitiri yemavharuvhu anofanirwa kutora chikamu mukuita chirongwa ichi maererano netekinoroji nekutsvagisa nekugadzira zvigadzirwa, kupfupikisa ruzivo mukuita kwekutora chikamu mukuita chirongwa ichi, uye kugadzira zvakakwana zvekugadzirwa kukuru uye kufananidza mavharuvhu. Tekinoroji, tarenda uye zvigadzirwa zvakachengetedzwa.
B. Tarisa pane zviri kuitika pari zvino muindasitiri huru yeCCUS. Tarisa pane indasitiri yemagetsi emarasha uko tekinoroji yekutora kabhoni yeChina inonyanya kushandiswa, uye indasitiri yepeturu uko nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu zvepasi rose inonyanya kushandiswa kuisa mavharuvhu epurojekiti eCCUS, uye kuisa mavharuvhu munzvimbo dziri maindasitiri aya, akadai seOrdos Basin neJunggar-Tuha Basin, idzo nzvimbo dzinokosha dzekugadzira marasha. Bohai Bay Basin nePearl River Mouth Basin, idzo nzvimbo dzinokosha dzekugadzira mafuta negasi, dzakagadzira hukama hwepedyo nemakambani akakodzera kuti vashandise mukana uyu.
C. Kupa rutsigiro rwemari rwakati kuti rwekutsvagisa tekinoroji nezvigadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kwemavharuvhu epurojekiti yeCCUS. Kuti vatungamire mumunda wemavharuvhu emapurojekiti eCCUS mune ramangwana, zvinokurudzirwa kuti makambani eindasitiri aise parutivi mari yakati wandei mukutsvaga nekugadzira, uye kupa rutsigiro kumapurojekiti eCCUS maererano nekutsvagisa nekugadzira tekinoroji, kuitira kugadzira nzvimbo yakanaka yekurongeka kweindasitiri yeCCUS.
Muchidimbu, kune indasitiri yeCCUS, zvinokurudzirwa kutivharuvhuindasitiri inonzwisisa zvizere shanduko itsva dzemaindasitiri pasi pehurongwa hwe "dual-carbon" nemikana mitsva yebudiriro inouya nayo, fambirana nenguva, uye uwane budiriro itsva muindasitiri!
Nguva yekutumira: Chivabvu-26-2022
