Chikamu chekutanga cheValve Indasitiri (1949-1959)
01organze kuti ushumire kupora kwehupfumi hwenyika
Iyo nguva kubva 1949 kusvika 1952 yaive nguva yekupora kwenyika yangu yehupfumi. Nekuda kwezvido zvekuvakwa kwehupfumi, nyika inoda nekukurumidza nhamba yemavharuvhu, kwete chetekudzvinyirira kudzvinyirira mavhavha, asi zvakare batch yeakakwirira nepakati pekumanikidza mavharuvhu zvisina kugadzirwa panguva iyoyo. Maitiro ekuronga kugadzirwa kweValve kugadzirwa kuti usangane nezvinodiwa zvekukurumidza nyika ibasa rinorema uye rinorema.
1. Gwara uye kutsigira kugadzirwa
Mukuwirirana ne "Kukudziridza kugadzirwa, kubudirira muhupfumi, kunofunga nezvehupfumi kwevanhu uye kwakavanzika uye kuraira, uye mabasa epamoyo PaVayevava vepfungwa yeVanhu verence of China, iyo Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory Yakapedzisirwa Zvezvikwereti Pashure pekutanga kweChina China, nekutsigirwa nehurumende yevanhu, fekitori yakatangazve kugadzirwa, uye nhamba yevashandi mugore iro yakawedzera kubva ku7 kusvika ku76 kusvika pa98 Pashure pacho, fekitori yakagamuchirwa yekugadzirisa zvinhu kubva kuSyenang Hardware kambani, uye kugadzirwa kwacho kwakatora chitarisiko chitsva. Huwandu hwevashandi hwakawedzera kusvika pamakumi matatu nemakumi matatu nemashanu, negore regore negore remahara emavharuvhu dzakasiyana-siyana, nekukosheswa kweanoshamisa kwe8,30,000 yuan. Munguva imwe chete iyoyo muShanghai, kwete mabhingi akazvimiririra ayo aive agadzira mavhakavha akawirwa, asi nekupora kwehupfumi zvidiki zvezvakavanzika, izvo zvakaita kuti sangano rekuvaka redhoredhi panguva iyoyo vanowedzera nekukurumidza.
2. Yakasarudzika kutenga uye kutengesa, kuronga kuvharika kugadzirwa
Nehuwandu hukuru hwemabhizimusi epachivande hwakatendeukira mukugadzirwa kweValve, iyo yekutanga Sharhai yekuvaka Hardware Association yatadza kuita zvinodiwa nekubudirira. Muna 1951, Shanghai Valve Vagadziri Vakagadzika 6 Joint Ventures kuti vatore basa rekugadzirisa uye kurongedza mabasa eShanghai yekutenga Stars Semuenzaniso, Daxin Iron inoshanda, iyo inobata basa remafuro madiki-akadzika-dzivharidzira manhamba ezvemusoro, anganggeng Pasi pekutungamirirwa kwekutungamirirwa kwepamhepo kweshumiro yeSindasitiri, mirairo yakananga inoitwa, uye wozogarira kuraira. Hurumende dzevanhu dzakabatsira mabhishi akazvimiririra vanokunda matambudziko mukugadzirwa uye kutengesa zvakavanzika zvemabhizimusi ehupfumi, zvakanyatsosimba mumamiriro ezvinhu epamhepo, zvirimwa zvemagetsi, zvidyarwa zvesimbi uye minda yezvizi uye minda yemafuta kuti itangezve kugadzirwa.
3. Kubudirira kwekudzoreredzwa kweNational Economic Kuvaka Services
Muchirongwa chekutanga chemakore mashanu, nyika yakaratidza mabasa gumi nemashanu ekuvaka kiyi, ayo kudzoreredzwa kweYumoms munda uye Anshan simbi uye kugadzirwa kwekambani yechiSimbi ndiwo mabasa maviri makuru. Kuti utorezve kugadzirwa muYumen oushield nekukurumidza, iyo peturu yekutarisira yebasa reIndia Indasitiri yeMafuta yakaronga kugadzirwa kwezvikamu zvezvipenga zvechisimbe muShanghai. Shanghai Jinlong Hardware Factory uye Vamwe vakaisa basa rekutongwa-rinogadzira batch yeiyo yepakati-kudzvanywa masimbi mavharuvhu. Izvo zvinofungidzirwa kufungidzira kuoma kwekutongwa kwekutongwa Dzimwe mhando dzinogona kutevedzana maererano nemasangano akapiwa nevashandisi, uye zvinhu chaizvo zvakaongororwa uye zvakabikwa. Sezvo kunaka kwesimbi chikwarisho hakuna kukwana, iyo yekutanga kukandwa kwesimbi yemuviri yaifanira kuchinjwa kuti ikanganwire. Panguva iyoyo, pakanga pasina kurova kufa kunofira kugadziriswa kwegomba reOblique remuviri wepasi rose, saka zvaigona kungoiswa neruoko, uye wobva waruramiswa neakakodzera. Pashure pekukunda matambudziko mazhinji, takazobudirira kuongororwa kweNPS3 / 8 ~ NPS2 Simbi Sedande mavagiresi uye macures epasi rose, izvo zvaigamuchirwa nevashandisi. Muhafu yechipiri ya1952, Shanghai Yuanta, Zhongxin, Weiye, Lianggong uye mamwe mafekitori akafungidzira basa rekutongwa kugadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kwakawanda kweakabika mavharuvhu rePetroleum. Panguva iyoyo, maSoviet marobhoti uye zviyero zvakashandiswa, uye nyanzvi dzevafundisi dzakadzidza nekuita, uye dzaikunda matambudziko mazhinji mukugadzira. Kugadzirwa kwekuedzwa kweShanghai kunorongwa masimbi miviri yaive yakarongwa neshumiro yePetroleum, uye zvakare vakawanawo kushandira pamwe kwemafekitori akasiyana muShanghai. Factory Factory (ikozvino Shanghai Mushini Gavhuna Factory) yakapa simbi yekukanda yakasangana nezvinodiwa, uye sifang boiler fekitori yakabatsira mukuputika. Muedzo wakazopedzisira wabudirira kugadzirwa kwechiitiko chekukandwa vhezheni protomy Panguva imwecheteyo, Shenyang Chengfa Iron Inoshanda uye Shanghai Daxin Simbi Inoshanda zvakare yakapihwawoyakaderera-kudzvinyirira mavhavhaNesimba rakakura remazwi ezvesimba zvidyarwa, Anshan simbi uye kambani yesimbi kuti adzorere kugadzirwa uye kurudziro yemadhorobha.
Munguva yekupora kwehupfumi hwenyika, indasitiri yenyika yangu yakavandudza nekukurumidza. Muna 1949, iyo yekubuditsa vharuvhu yaive chete 387T, iyo yakawedzera kusvika 1052.
02TE Valve Indasitiri Yakatanga
Muna 1953, nyika yangu yakatanga chirongwa chavo chekutanga, uye zvikamu zveindasitiri zvakadai sepeturu, indasitiri yemakemikari, metallurgy, masimba emagetsi, message emagetsi akakurumidza kufambisa. Panguva ino, kudikanwa kwemavharuzozo kwakawedzerwa. Panguva iyoyo, kunyangwe paine nhamba huru yezvakavanzika mafekitori madiki achigadzira mavharuvhu, simba ravo rakanga risina kusimba, midziyo yavo yaive yakapfava, zviyero zvavo zvaive zvishoma, uye ivo vaive vakapararira. Kuti uwane zvinodiwa zvekusimudzira kwehupfumi hwenyika, hushumiri hwekutanga hwemanesheni (dzinotaurwa seyakaitwa sangano reMachina) Richinja kurongazve uye kushandura mabhizinesi epakutanga uye kuwedzera vhutsu. Panguva imwecheteyo, pane zvirongwa uye matanho ekuvaka backbone uye kiyi mavharuvhu. Enterprise, indasitiri yenyika yangu yasvika kutanga.
1. Iko kurongazve kweiyo yechipiri vhesi valve muShanghai
Mushure mekutanga kweChina China, bato rakaitwa mutemo we "kushandisa, kurambidzwa uye shanduko" yeCapitalist indasitiri uye yekutengesa.
Izvo zvakazoitika kuti kwaive nemakumi matanhatu kana makumi manomwe vhezheni diki yekuvhara muShanghai. Mukuru weaya mafekitori aingova nevanhu makumi maviri kusvika makumi matatu, uye mudiki chete aive nevanhu vashoma. Kunyangwe mafekitori aya emagetsi anounza mavheti, tekinoroji yavo uye manejimendi ari kumashure, zvishandiso nezvivakwa zvefekitori zviri nyore, uye nzira dzekugadzira dzakareruka. Vamwe chete vane imwe chete kana maviri akapusa mavara kana belt machina michina maturusi, uye kune zvimwe chete zvinovhiringidzwa zvekukanda zvekukanda, zvakanyanya zvaro zvinoitwa nemaoko. , pasina kugona kwemaitiro uye kuedza kwemidziyo. Aya mamiriro haana kukodzera kugadzirwa kwemazuva ano, kana kuti hazvingaonekwe zvinodiwa nehurongwa hwehurumende, uye hazvigoneke kudzora hunhu hwezvigadzirwa zvevavhende. Kuti izvi zviitike, hurumende yevanhu vechiMari yerudzi rwehurumende dzakaita kuti vagadzike kuShanghai, uye vakagadzwa pombi. 2, Nha. 4, Nha. 4, Nha. Kubatanidza iyo iri pamusoro, Centralized manejimendi maererano neTechnology uye Unhu, izvo zvinowedzera zvinobudirira maneja wevashandi kuti vatange vanhu vemagariro, uku ndiko kudzoreredza kukuru kweindasitiri yeValve.
Pashure pokudyidzana kweruzhinji muna 1956, indasitiri yeValve muShanghai yakanangana neyekutanga kambani, uye makambani ezvipfuyo zveShanghai Hardware. Kambani yeValve yakatanga kubatana kune yekuvaka Hardware indasitiri yakawedzera yuanda, rongfa, iiye, zhao yangda, tongxin, wang yingqi, yunchang, dehe, dehe, jinfa, uye xie nedunhu. Kune mafekitori asvika makumi maviri eDalian, Yuchang, Dada, etc. A etc. Imwe neimwe central fekitori ine mafekitori anoverengeka eSatellite pasi pehutongi hwayo. Bazi rebato uye huswa-midzi-midzi pamwe chete zvakasungwa mubatanidzwa wepakati. Hurumende yakagovera vamiriri veruzhinji kuti vatungamire vevatongi nebasa rekutonga, uye kugadzirwa kwakaenzana kwakanyoreswa, kugovera, uye nzira dzebhizinesi dzemari, uye nzira dzakatarwa dzakaomeswa dzakafanana nemabhizimisi ehurumende. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo Shenyang Area zvakare akabatanidzwa 21 madiki mafekitori mu ChenfaGedhi GuyveFekitori. Kubva ipapo, iyo nyika yakaunza kugadzirwa kwemabhizinesi madiki uye epakati mune yerudzi rwekuronga kuronga kuburikidza nemasangano ekutarisira pamazinga ese, uye akaronga uye akaronga kugadzirwa kwevhu. Uku ndiko kuchinja kwekugadzira manejimendi emabhizimusi emavhiri kubva pakuvambwa kweChina Nyowani.
2.
Panguva imwecheteyo nekugadzirisazve kwevavengi muShanghai, Dhipatimendi reMachina rekutanga rakakamura zvigadzirwa zvefekitori yega yega yakananga, uye yakajekesa iyo mafekitori akabatana ezvakananga mafekitori emunharaunda uye akakura mafekitori emunharaunda. Shenyang general machinyy fekita rakashandurwa kuita nyanzvi yekuverenga vhezheni. Enterprise. Iyo yakatangira iyo fekitori yaive iyo Bureaucratic capital Enterprise Mainland Hofisi uye iyo maJapan pseudo-indasitiri dechang fekitori. Mushure mekutanga kweiyo New China, iyo fekitori inonyanya kuburitsa akasiyana maturusi emachina uye pombi majoini. Muna 1953, yakatanga kubereka michina yematanda. Muna 1954, apo yaive yakananga pasi pekutarisira kweiyo yekutanga yehushumiri hweshoko, yaive nevashandi 1,585 uye gumi nemaviri emachina akasiyana siyana nemidziyo. Uye ine simba rekugadzira resimbi rakakandwa, uye simba rehunyanzvi rakasimba. Kubva 1955, kuti tigochinja mukuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwenyika, zvakaunderazve kugadzirwa kwesimba Dzimwe nyanzvi dzakachinjirwa kubva kuSyang Pump Pump Fekitori. Muna 1956, 837t yekudzvinyirira kudzvinyirira mavhavhaakagadzirwa, uye kugadzirwa kukuru kwenzvimbo dzakakwirira uye dzepakati pekumanikidza mavharuvhu rakatanga. Muna 1959, 4231T yeVamendi yakagadzirwa, kusanganisira 1291T yeakakwirira uye yepakati mapuranga. Muna 1962, yakatumidzwa kuti Shenyang yakakwirira uye yepakati yekumanikidza vharuvhi fekitori uye yakava imwe yemabhizimusi makuru ebondepu muindasitiri yeValve.
3. Chikamu chekutanga chekugadzirwa nevharo
Mumazuva ekutanga ekutanga kweiyo New China, kugadzirwa kwenyika yangu yeValtray kwakanyanyisa kugadziriswa nekushandira pamwe uye hondo. Mu "Great Leap mberi" nguva, indasitiri yenyika yangu yakawana mugumo wayo wekutanga wekugadzira. Valve kubuda: 387T muna 1949, 8126T muna 1956, 49746T muna 1959, 128.5 nguva dza1949, uye nguva dza1956 apo mubatanidzwa wevanhu 1956 apo kubatana kweruzhinji kwakagadzwa. Kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzakakwirira uye dzepakati dzokumanikidza kwakatanga kunonoka, uye kugadzirwa kwakawanda kwakatanga muna 1956, paine kubuda kwegore negore 170T. Muna 1959, kubuda kwacho kwakasvika 1799t, yaive nguva10,3 iyo ya1956 Muna 1955, Shanghai Lianggong Valve Factory Budirira kutongwa-yakagadzira vharuvhu yemuti weKomen Omen Orifield; Shanghai Yuanda, Zhongxin, Weiye, Rongfa uye Mamwe Mashini Mafekitori Akaedzwa Simbi, Akakwirisa minda yeMafuta uye FertizaZer High-Pressure Fertiira Valves yePN160 uye Pn320; Shenyang generay machinery fekitori uye suzhou iron fekitori (iyo yakatangira yeSuzhou Valve Factory) inobudirira mavharuvhu-yakakwirira-yakamanikidza miviri yemiindasitiri yemasangano emasangano emusangano webasa. Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory Inobudirira Muedzo-yakagadzirwa Gedhi reMagetsi Guvha nevemashoko eDN3000. Yakanga iri iyo yakakura uye inorema vheji muChina panguva iyoyo; Shenyang generay machiny fekitori inobudirira kuyedza-yakaburitswa Ultra-High yekumanikidza miviri yeDN3 ~ Shanghai Daxin Iron Factory yakagadzirwa yeiyo metallurgical indasitiri iyo yakakwira-tembiricha inopisa mhepo ine mhepo yeDN600 uye iyo flue valve yeDN900; Dalian Valve Factory, Wafangdian Valve Factory, nezvimwewo zvakawanawo kukurumidza kukura. Kuwedzera kweiyo dzakasiyana-siyana uye huwandu hwemavharavha dzakasimudzira kukura kwevaindasitiri vevalve. Kunyanya nezvinodiwa zve "kusvetuka kukuru kumberi" indasitiri yezviuru, zvidiki uye zvepakati-svikiro mataundi angobuda munzvimbo yose yenyika. Pakazosvika 1958, mabhizimusi vevhu rezvekuvharirwa national Couppirction aivepo neanoda kusvika zana, achiumba hukuru hukuru hwekugadzira timu. Muna 1958, kubudiswa kwakazara kwemavharavira kwakakwira kusvika ku24,163T, kuwedzera kwe80% pamusoro 1957; Pakati peino nguva yenguva, kugadzirwa kwenyika yangu yeValthi kwakave nenzvimbo yayo yekutanga. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekuvhunduka kwevavengi vevanyori, zvakaunzawo matambudziko akatevedzana. Semuenzaniso: kungotevera huwandu, kwete hunhu; "Kuita zvidiki uye kuita hombe, nzira dzemuno", kushaya mamiriro ezvinhu ehunyanzvi; dhizaini paunenge uchiita, kushayikwa kweiyo standard confiti; Kopa uye kopi, zvichikonzera nyonganiso. Nekuda kwemitemo yavo yakaparadzana, imwe neimwe ine seti yemasita akasiyana. Iyo terminology yemavharavha haisi yunifomu munzvimbo dzakasiyana, uye kudzvinyirira kwemusoro uye nemusoro size slies haina yunifomu. Mamwe mafekitori anoreva zviyero zveSoviet, vamwe vanoreva nezvemitemo yeJapan, uye vamwe vanoreva nezvemitemo yeAmerica neBritish. Nyonganiso kwazvo. Panyaya yemasiriyamu, zviyero zvekubatana, kureba kwemhando, zviyero zvezvigaro zve "zvimedu zvemakemikari, Mamiriro ezvinhu panguva iyoyo aive "akapararira, nyonganiso, vashoma, uye akaderera", ndiko kuti, maitiro ekurova, kushomeka kwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi uye kutaurwa kwehunyanzvi uye kwakadzikira, uye mhando yakaderera. Kuitira kuti udzorere mamiriro ezvinhu aya, nyika yakasarudza kuronga vashandi vakakodzera kuitisa ongororo yenyikavharuvhuindasitiri.
4. Yokutanga National Valve Production Ongororo
Kuti uwane ruzivo rwekugadzirwa kweValve Production, muna 1958, iyo yekutanga neyechitatu uye yechitatu yedhipatimendi yekutanga michina yakaronga kuongororwa kwenyika. Chikwata chekuferefeta chakaenda kumatunhu mana uye maguta makumi maviri nemana muNorthina China, North China, East China uye Central South China kuitisa kuongorora kwakazara pamafekitori makumi mapfumbamwe ekuvhavha. Iyi ndiyo yekutanga nyika yeValve Valve ongororo kubva pakuvambwa kwePeople's Republic of China. Panguva iyoyo, ongororo yakatarisana nevanogadzira vhezi neyekukura zvakanyanya uye marudzi mazhinji uye shewang chengle fekitori, shuhou iron fekitari, uye vhariri reDalian. Fekitari, Beijing Hardware zvinhu zvezvinhu (presecessor wefesial wasve fekitori), Wafangdian fekitari yefekitari, vanoverengeka vheji muShanghai naShanghai Pepa.
Kuburikidza nekuferefetwa, matambudziko makuru aripo muValve kugadzirwa kwave kuwanikwa:
1) Kushaikwa kwekuronga kwakazara uye kupatsanurana kwakaringana kwebasa, zvichikonzera kudzokorora kugadzirwa uye kukanganisa simba rekugadzira.
2) Iyo vhezheni zvigadzirwa zviyero zvisina kugovaniswa, izvo zvakakonzera kusagadzikana kukuru kune mushandisi wekusarudza uye kugadzirisa.
3.
Mukupindura kumatambudziko ari pamusoro apa, boka rekuferefeta rakaendesa matanho matatu kuShumiro uye Bureaus, kusanganisira kusimbisa kuronga kwese, nekuronga kugadzirwa uye kutengesa chiyero; Kusimbisa kumira kwacho uye mumuviri uye kwemakemikari ekuongorora basa, kurongedza yakabatana vhezi yemavhesi; uye kuita tsvakiridzo yekuedza. 1. Vatungamiriri veTechitatu Bureau vakasungirirwa kukosha kukuru kune izvi. Chekutanga pane zvese, ivo vakatarisa pane zvekumisa basa. Vakaisa michina yekugadzira tekinoroji yekugadzira tekinoroji Institute of the Ongororo yeMachina Ekudzidzira Vagadziri vefekitori Iyo pombi accessories yakaiswa neushumiri ndiyo yekutanga batch yeValte Kuburikidza neiyo ongororo yerudzi urwu, iyo Crux yekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yenyika yangu mumakore gumi apfuura, uye matanho anoshanda uye akavezwa kuti abvise zviga zvekugadzira vhuviri uye kushomeka kwemitemo. Kugadzira tekinoroji yakatora danho rakakura kumberi uye rakatanga kupinda padanho ritsva rekuzvigadzira uye kurongeka kwekugadzira misa.
03 Pfupiso
Kubva 1949 kusvika 1959, nyika yanguvalveindasitiri yakakurumidza kupora kubva kune mess yekare china ndokutanga kutanga; kubva pakugadziriswa, kutevedzera kuzvimiririradidzo uye kugadzira, kubva kugadzirwa kwekudzvanywa kwakaderera miviri yekudzvanywa mukugadzirwa kwenyika yakakwirira uye yepakati yekumanikidza mavheni, yakatanga kuumba vhezheni yekugadzira vhezheni. Nekudaro, nekuda kwekukurumidza kukura kwekugadzira kumhanya, kune mamwe matambudziko. Sezvo zvakabatanidzwa muhurongwa hwenyika, pasi pekutarisira kwepasirese yeMuchina wekutanga wemachina, chikonzero chacho chakawanikwa kuburikidza nekutsvagisa kugadzirwa kwekugadzira kwehupfumi hwekuvakwa kwenyika, uye nekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yeValve. Uye kuumbwa kwemasangano endama kwakaisa hwaro hwakanaka.
Kutumira Nguva: Jul-27-2022
