Overview
Valvechinhu chakakosha chigadzirwa mune zvakajairika michina. Iyo yakaiswa pamapombi akasiyana-siyana kana zvishandiso zvekudzora kuyerera kwepakati nekushandura nzvimbo yechiteshi muvharuvhu. Mabasa ayo ndeaya: batanidza kana kucheka svikiro, kudzivirira yepakati kubva kuyerera kumashure, gadzirisa maparameter akadai sepakati kudzvanywa uye kuyerera, shandura mafambiro ekuyerera kwepakati, kupatsanura svikiro kana kudzivirira mapaipi nemidziyo kubva mukudzvinyirira, nezvimwe.
Kune marudzi akawanda ezvigadzirwa zvevhavha, izvo zvakakamurwa kuvagedhi vharafu, vharafu,cheki vharafu, vharafu yebhora,butterfly valve, plug valve, diaphragm valve, vharafu yekuchengetedza, vheji yekudzivirira (control valve), throttle valve, pressure kuderedza valve uye Misungo, nezvimwewo; Maererano nemashoko, iyo yakakamurwa kuita copper alloy, cast iron, carbon steel, alloy simbi, austenitic simbi, ferritic-austenitic dual-phase simbi, nickel-based alloy, titanium alloy, engineering mapurasitiki nemavharuvhu edongo, nezvimwewo. , kune mavharuvhu akakosha akadai seakanyanya-yakakwirira mavharuvhu, mavharuvhu, mavharuvhu echiteshi chemagetsi, mavharuvhu epombi nemapaipi, mavharuvhu eindasitiri yenyukireya, mavharuvhu ezvikepe uye mavharuvhu e cryogenic. Yakasiyana-siyana yemagetsi evhavha, saizi yezita kubva kuDN1 (unit in mm) kusvika kuDN9750; dzvinyiriro yezita kubva ku-ultra-vacuum ye1× 10-10 mmHg (1mmHg = 133.322Pa) kusvika ku-ultra-high pressure yePN14600 (chikamu che105 Pa); Iyo tembiricha yekushanda inotangira kubva kune yakanyanya-yakaderera tembiricha ye -269℃kusvika kune yakanyanya-yakakwirira tembiricha ye1200℃.
Zvigadzirwa zvevharuvhu anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupfumi hwenyika, senge oiri, gasi remusikirwo, kucheneswa kwemafuta negasi uye kugadzirisa uye pombi yekufambisa masisitimu, zvigadzirwa zvemakemikari, masisitimu ekugadzira mishonga uye chikafu, simba remvura, magetsi ekupisa uye masisitimu ekugadzira magetsi enyukireya; Mhando dzakasiyana dzemavharuvhu dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukudziya uye magetsi ekupa masisitimu, metallurgical kugadzirwa masisitimu, fluid masisitimu ezvikepe, mota, ndege uye akasiyana mitambo michina, uye kudiridza uye drainage masisitimu eminda yekurima. Mukuwedzera, muminda yematekinoroji matsva akadai sekudzivirira uye aerospace, mavharuvhu akasiyana-siyana ane zvinhu zvakakosha anoshandiswa zvakare.
Zvigadzirwa zvevharuvhu zvinoverengera chikamu chikuru chezvigadzirwa zvemakanika. Maererano nenhamba dzedzimwe nyika dzakabudirira, kukosha kwekubuda kwemavharuvhu kunokwana 5% yehuwandu hwekubuda kweiyo indasitiri yemichina. Maererano nenhamba, chinyakare chemagetsi enyukireya chinoumbwa nemamiriyoni maviri kilowatt mayuniti ane anenge 28,000 akagovaniswa mavharuvhu, ayo anenge 12,000 mavharuvhu echitsuwa chenyukireya. Iyo yemazuva ano yakakura-yakakura petrochemical complex inoda mazana ezviuru zvemavharuvhu akasiyana, uye mari mumavharuvhu kazhinji inotora 8% kusvika 10% yehuwandu hwekudyara mumidziyo.
General mamiriro evhavha indasitiri muChina yekare
01 Nzvimbo yekuzvarwa kweindasitiri yevharuvhu yeChina: Shanghai
MuChina yekare, Shanghai yaive nzvimbo yekutanga kugadzira mavharuvhu muChina. Muna 1902, Pan Shunji Copper Workshop, iri paWuchang Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, yakatanga kugadzira zvidimbu zvidiki zvepombi dzetii nemaoko. Teapot faucet imhando yejongwe rakakandwa remhangura. Ndiyo yekutanga valve kugadzira muChina inozivikanwa kusvika zvino. Muna 1919, Deda (Shengji) Hardware Factory (yakafanotangira yeShanghai Transmission Machinery Factory) yakatanga kubva pabhasikoro diki ndokutanga kugadzira mapeche emhangura madiki-diameter, mavharuvhu egirobhu, mavharuvhu emagedhi nemapombi emoto. Kugadzirwa kwemavharuvhu esimbi yakatanga muna 1926, nehukuru hwezita reNPS6 (mumasendimita, NPS1 = DN25.4). Munguva iyi, mafekitori emahara akadai saWang Yingqiang, Dahua, Lao Demao neMaoxu akavhurwawo kugadzira mavharuvhu. Zvadaro, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekudiwa kwemavharuvhu epombi pamusika, imwe batch yemafekitori emidziyo, mafekitori esimbi, mafekitori ejecha (casting) mafekitori nemafekitori emuchina akavhurwa kuti agadzire mavharuvhu rimwe pashure peimwe.
Boka rekugadzira mavharuvhu rinoumbwa munzvimbo dzeZhonghongqiao, Waihongqiao, Daming Road uye Changzhi Road muHongkou District, Shanghai. Panguva iyoyo, mhando dzaitengeswa zvakanyanya pamusika wepamba dzaive "Horse Head", "Three 8", "Three 9", "Double Coin", "Iron Anchor", "Chicken Ball" uye "Eagle Bhora". Yakaderera-kudzvanywa yakakandwa mhangura uye yakakandwa simbi mavharuvhu zvigadzirwa zvinonyanya kushandiswa mavharuvhu epombi mukuvaka uye nzvimbo dzehutsanana, uye shoma shoma yesimbi yakakandwa mavharuvhu inoshandiswawo muchiedza machira indasitiri chikamu. Mafekitari aya madiki muhukuru, ane tekinoroji yekumashure, midziyo yakapfava yechirimwa uye yakaderera mavharuvhu kubuda, asi ndiyo yekutanga nzvimbo yekuzvarwa kweindasitiri yevharuvhu yeChina. Gare gare, mushure mekugadzwa kweShanghai Construction Hardware Association, ava vagadziri vevharuvhu vakabatana nemubatanidzwa mumwe mushure memumwe uye vakava boka remvura. nhengo.
02 Zvigadzirwa zviviri zvakakura zvekugadzira mavharuvhu
Mukutanga kwa1930, Shanghai Shenhe Machinery Factory yakagadzira yakaderera-kukanda kukanda mavharuvhu egedhi resimbi pazasi NPS12 yemabasa emvura. Muna 1935, fekitori yakagadzira mubatanidzwa ne Xiangfeng Iron Pipe Factory uye Xiangtai Iron Co., Ltd. , ine 2.6 zhang kubva kunze kwenyika (1 zhang≈3.33m) lathes nemidziyo yekusimudza, kunyanya kugadzira maindasitiri nemigodhi, pombi dzemvura dzakakandwa uye mavharuvhu esimbi, saizi yezita revharuvhu ndiNPS6 ~ NPS18, uye Inogona kugadzira uye kugovera seti yakazara yemavharuvhu ezvirimwa zvemvura, uye zvigadzirwa zvinotumirwa kuNanjing, Hangzhou neBeijing. Mushure me "Nyamavhuvhu 13" vapambi veJapan vatora Shanghai muna 1937, mazhinji echirimwa nemidziyo mufekitori zvakaparadzwa nepfuti dzeJapan. Gore rakatevera rakawedzera mari ndokutangazve basa. NPS14 ~ NPS36 yakakandwa mavharuvhu egedhi resimbi, asi nekuda kwekuderera kwehupfumi, husimbe hwebhizinesi, uye kuomesesa, havana kukwanisa kupora kusvika manheru ekuvambwa kweNew China.
Muna 1935, vagovani vashanu vanosanganisira Li Chenghai, muzvinabhizimusi wenyika, vakabatana vakabatana Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory (akatangira Tieling Valve Factory) paShishiwei Road, Nancheng District, Shenyang City. Gadzirisa uye kugadzira mavharuvhu. Muna 1939, fekitori yakaendeswa kuBeierma Road, Tiexi District kuti iwedzere, uye mashopu maviri makuru ekukanda uye kugadzira akavakwa. Pakazosvika 1945, yakanga yakura kusvika kuvashandi mazana mana, uye zvigadzirwa zvayo zvikuru zvaiva: mabhaira makuru, mavharuvhu emhangura, uye mavharuvhu egedhi resimbi epasi ane saizi yezita pazasi peDN800. Shenyang Chengfa Iron Factory inogadzira vharafu iri kunetsekana kurarama muChina yekare.
03Indasitiri yevharuvhu kumashure
Munguva yeHondo yeAnti-Japan, mabhizinesi mazhinji muShanghai nedzimwe nzvimbo akatamira kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero, saka huwandu hwemabhizinesi muChongqing nedzimwe nzvimbo munzvimbo yekumashure hwakakwira, uye indasitiri yakatanga kusimukira. Muna 1943, Chongqing Hongtai Machinery Factory neHuachang Machinery Factory (mafekitori ese ari maviri ndiwo akatangira Chongqing Valve Factory) akatanga kugadzirisa nekugadzira zvikamu zvepombi uye mavharuvhu akadzikama, ayo akaita basa guru mukugadzira kugadzirwa kwehondo kumashure nekugadzirisa vanhuwo zvavo. mavharuvhu. Mushure mekukunda kweHondo yeAnti-Japan, Lisheng Hardware Factory, Zhenxing Industrial Society, Jinshunhe Hardware Factory uye Qiyi Hardware Factory yakavhurwa zvakatevedzana kuti ibudise mavharuvhu madiki. Mushure mekuvambwa kweNew China, mafekitori aya akabatanidzwa muChongqing Valve Factory.
Panguva iyoyo, vamwevagadziri vevharuvhumuShanghai akaendawo kuTianjin, Nanjing neWuxi kuvaka mafekitari ekugadzirisa nekugadzira mavharuvhu. Mamwe mafekitori emahara, mafekitori epombi dzesimbi, mafekitori emuchina kana nzvimbo dzezvikepe muBeijing, Dalian, Changchun, Harbin, Anshan, Qingdao, Wuhan, Fuzhou neGuangzhou zvakare anga achiita basa rekugadzirisa nekugadzira mamwe mavharuvhu epombi.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-21-2022
