Zvikanganiso zvakajairika uye matanho ekudzivirira mavharuvhu emapuruguru nemavharuvhu egedhi

Vharuvhu inoramba ichichengetedza uye ichipedzisa zvinodiwa zvekushanda mukati menguva yakatarwa yekushanda, uye mashandiro ekuchengetedza kukosha kweparameter yakapihwa mukati mehuwandu hwakatarwa anonzi kusakundikana. Kana mashandiro evharuvhu akakuvara, zvichaitika kuti kutadza kushanda zvakanaka.

1. Kubuda kwebhokisi rinozadza zvinhu

Ichi ndicho chinhu chikuru chekumhanya, kumhanya, kudonha kwemvura, uye kudonha kwemvura, uye chinowanzoonekwa mumafekitori.

Zvikonzero zvekubuda kwebhokisi rekuzadza ndeizvi:

①Chinhu ichi hachienderane nekuora, tembiricha uye kumanikidzwa kwechinhu chinoshanda;

②Nzira yekuzadza haina kunaka, kunyanya kana kurongedza kwese kwaiswa mudenderedzwa, kazhinji kacho kunogona kukonzera kubuda kwemvura;

③Kunyatsoshanda zvakanaka kwemuchina kana kupedzisa pamusoro pemudzi wevharuvhu hazvina kukwana, kana kuti pane ovality, kana kuti pane nicks;

④Huremu hwevharuvhu hwakava negomba, kana kuti hwava nengura nekuda kwekushaya dziviriro mumhepo yakavhurika;

⑤Huru yevharuvhu yakakombama;

⑥Kurongedza kwacho kwave kuchishandiswa kwenguva yakareba uye kwakwegura;

⑦Kuvhiya kwacho kwakanyanyisa.

Nzira yekubvisa kubuda kwepakeji ndeiyi:

① Sarudzo chaiyo yezvekuzadza;

②Zadza nenzira chaiyo;

③ Kana tsinde yevharuvhu isina kukodzera, inofanira kugadziriswa kana kutsiviwa, uye kupedzisa kwepamusoro kunofanira kunge kuri ▽5, uye chinonyanya kukosha, inofanira kusvika ▽8 kana kupfuura, uye hapana zvimwe zvikanganiso;

④ Tora matanho ekudzivirira ngura, uye dzinenge dzaita ngura dzinofanira kutsiviwa;

⑤Kukombama kwesimbi yevharuvhu kunofanira kutwasanudzwa kana kugadziriswa;

⑥ Mushure mekunge kurongedza kwashandiswa kwenguva yakati, kunofanira kutsiviwa;

⑦Kushanda kunofanira kunge kwakasimba, kuvhurwa zvishoma nezvishoma uye kuvharwa zvishoma nezvishoma kudzivirira kuchinja kamwe kamwe kwekushisa kana kuputika kwepakati.

2. Kubuda kwezvikamu zvekuvhara

Kazhinji, kubuda kwebhokisi rekuputira kunonzi kubuda kwekunze, uye chikamu chekuvharira chinonzi kubuda kwemukati. Kubuda kwezvikamu zvekuvharira, mukati mevharuvhu, hakusi nyore kuwana.

Kubuda kwezvikamu zvekuvhara kunogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: chimwe kudonha kwenzvimbo yekuvhara, uye chimwe kudonha kwemudzi weringi yekuvhara.

Zvikonzero zvekubuda kwemvura ndeizvi:

①Pamusoro pechisimbiso hapasi pasi zvakanaka;

②Ringi yekuvhara haina kunyatsoenderana nechigaro chevharuvhu nedhisiki revharuvhu;

③Kubatana kuripo pakati pedhisiki revharuvhu nesimbi yevharuvhu hakuna kusimba;

④Huremu hwevharuvhu hwakakombama uye hwakamonyoroka, zvekuti zvikamu zvekuvhara zvepamusoro nepazasi hazvina pakati;

⑤Kana zvikaswedera pedyo nekukurumidza, nzvimbo yekuvharira haisi kushanda zvakanaka kana kuti yagara yakakuvara kwenguva refu;

⑥ kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvisina kunaka, hazvigoni kutsungirira ngura yechinhu chacho;

⑦Shandisa vharuvhu yepasi rose nevharuvhu yegedhi sevharuvhu inotonga. Nzvimbo yekuvharira haigone kumirisana nekuputsika kwenzvimbo inoyerera nekukurumidza;

⑧Mimwe midziyo inotonhorera zvishoma nezvishoma mushure mekunge vharuvhu yavharwa, zvekuti pamusoro pechisimbiso pachaonekwa mitswe, uye kukurwa kwevhu kuchaitikawo;

⑨Kubatanidza kwakarukwa kunoshandiswa pakati pezvimwe zvinhu zvinovhara uye chigaro chemavharuvhu nedhisiki revharuvhu, izvo zviri nyore kugadzira bhatiri remusiyano weoxygen concentration uye rinoora;

⑩Vharuvhu haigone kuvharwa zvakasimba nekuda kwekuiswa kwetsvina yakaita sewelding slag, ngura, guruva, kana zvikamu zvemakanika mugadziriro yekugadzira zvinodonha zvovhara vharuvhu.

Matanho ekudzivirira ndeaya:

①Usati washandisa, unofanira kunyatsoongorora kumanikidzwa uye kudonha kwemvura, wobva wawana kubuda kwenzvimbo yekuvhara kana mudzi weringi yekuvhara, wozoishandisa mushure mekurapwa;

②Zvakakosha kutarisa pachine nguva kana zvikamu zvakasiyana zvevharuvhu zviri mumamiriro akanaka. Usashandise vharuvhu ine tsinde yevharuvhu yakakombama kana yakamonyoroka kana kuti dhisiki yevharuvhu uye tsinde yevharuvhu hazvina kubatana zvakachengeteka;

③Vharuvhu inofanira kuvharwa zvakasimba, kwete nechisimba. Kana ukaona kuti kubatana pakati penzvimbo dzinovhara hakuna kunaka kana kuti pane kuvharika, unofanira kuivhura nekukurumidza kwechinguva kuti tsvina ibude, wobva waivhara nokungwarira;

④Pakusarudza vharuvhu, kwete chete kuramba ngura kwemuviri wevharuvhu, asiwo kuramba ngura kwezvikamu zvinovhara kunofanirwa kufungwa;

⑤ Zvichienderana nehunhu hwevharuvhu uye kushandiswa kwayo nemazvo, zvikamu zvinoda kugadzirisa kuyerera kwemvura zvinofanirwa kushandisa vharuvhu inotonga;

⑥Kana chinhu chiri kutonhodzwa uye musiyano wekupisa wakakura mushure mekuvhara vharuvhu, vharuvhu inofanira kuvharwa zvakasimba mushure mekutonhodzwa;

⑦Kana chigaro chevharuvhu, dhisiki revharuvhu nerin'i yekuvhara zvakabatana neshinda, tepi yePTFE inogona kushandiswa sechiputiro pakati peshinda, kuitira kuti pasave nemukana;

⑧Sefa inofanira kuwedzerwa pamberi pevharuvhu yevharuvhu iyo inogona kuwira mutsvina.

3. Kukundikana kwekusimudza stem yevharuvhu

Zvikonzero zvekukundikana kwekusimudza stem yevharuvhu ndeizvi:

①Tambo yacho yakakuvara nekuda kwekushanda zvakanyanya;

② kushaya mafuta ekuzora kana kutadza kwemafuta ekuzora;

③Huremu hwevharuvhu hwakakombama uye hwakamonyoroka;

④Kupenya kwepamusoro hakukwani;

⑤ Kukwanisa kugarika kwemwana hakuna kururama, uye kuruma kwake kwakaoma zvakanyanya;

⑥Nzungu yevharuvhu yakakombama;

⑦ Kusarudzwa kwezvinhu zvisina kunaka, semuenzaniso, chitsiko chevharuvhu nemuti wevharuvhu zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakafanana, zviri nyore kuruma;

⑧Tambo yacho inoora nechinhu chinoifukidza (zvichireva vharuvhu ine vharuvhu yerima kana vharuvhu ine tsinde pasi);

⑨Vharuvhu yemhepo isina dziviriro, uye shinda yevharuvhu yakafukidzwa neguruva nejecha, kana kuti yakafukidzwa nengura nemvura, dova, chando nechando.

Nzira dzekudzivirira:

① Kushanda nekungwarira, usamanikidza paunenge uchivhara, usasvike pakati pepamusoro paunenge uchivhura, tenderedza vhiri reruoko kamwe chete kana kaviri mushure mekuvhura zvakakwana kuti divi repamusoro reshinda rivhare, kuitira kudzivirira kuti chinhu chisasundire tsinde revharuvhu kumusoro kuti rirove;

② Tarisa mamiriro ekuzora mafuta nguva nenguva uye chengetedza mamiriro ekuzora mafuta akajairika;

③Usavhure kana kuvhara vharuvhu nechinhu chinopinza chirefu. Vashandi vakajaira kushandisa chinhu chinopinza chipfupi vanofanira kudzora simba revharuvhu zvakanyanya kudzivirira kumonyoroka kwechinhu chinopinza chinopisa (tichitarisa vharuvhu yakabatana zvakananga nevhiri reruoko nechinhu chinopinza chinopisa);

④Kuvandudza mhando yekugadzirisa kana kugadzirisa kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa;

⑤Chinhu chacho chinofanira kuramba ngura uye chienderane netembiricha yekushanda nemamwe mamiriro ekushanda;

⑥Nzungu yemudzi wevharuvhu haifanirwe kugadzirwa nezvinhu zvakafanana nemudzi wevharuvhu;

⑦ Paunenge uchishandisa purasitiki se stem nut yevharuvhu, simba rayo rinofanira kuongororwa, kwete chete kuramba ngura uye kushaya simba kudiki, asiwo dambudziko resimba rayo, kana simba rayo risina kukwana, usashandise;

⑧Chivharo chekudzivirira tsinde chevharuvhu chinofanira kuwedzerwa kuvharuvhu yemhepo yakavhurika;

⑨Kana vharuvhu yakavhurika, tenderedza vhiri reruoko nguva nenguva kudzivirira kuti tsinde yevharuvhu isaite ngura.

4. Zvimwe

Kubuda kwegasket:

Chikonzero chikuru ndechekuti haipindi ngura uye haichinji tembiricha yekushanda nekumanikidzwa; uye shanduko yetembiricha yevharuvhu yetembiricha yakakwira.

Shandisa magasket akakodzera mamiriro ekushanda. Tarisa kana gasket yacho yakakodzera mavharuvhu matsva. Kana isina kukodzera, inofanira kutsiviwa. Kune mavharuvhu anodziya zvakanyanya, simbisa mabhaudhi zvakare paunenge uchiashandisa.

Muviri wevharuvhu wakatsemuka:

Kazhinji zvinokonzerwa nechando. Kana mamiriro ekunze achitonhora, vharuvhu inofanira kunge iine insulation yekupisa uye zviyero zvekutevera kupisa. Zvikasadaro, mvura iri muvharuvhu nepaipi inobatanidza inofanira kudonhedzwa mushure mekunge kugadzirwa kwamira (kana paine plug pasi pevharuvhu, plug inogona kuvhurwa kuti idonhedze mvura).

Vhiri reruoko rakakuvara:

Zvinokonzerwa nekugumburwa kana kushanda nesimba kwemuchina wesimbi refu. Zvinogona kudzivirirwa chero bedzi mushandi nevamwe vashandi vane hanya vakateerera.

Gland rekurongedza rakatyoka:

Simba risina kuenzana pakudzvanya kurongedza, kana gland risina kunaka (kazhinji simbi yakakandwa). Dzvinya kurongedza, tenderera sikuruu zvakaenzana, uye usatsveyama. Pakugadzira, haufanirwe kungotarisa zvikamu zvikuru nezvinokosha chete, asiwo tarisa zvikamu zvechipiri zvakaita segland, zvikasadaro zvichakanganisa kushandiswa.

Kubatana kuripo pakati pehunde yevharuvhu neplate yevharuvhu hakushande:

Vharuvhu yegedhi inoshandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekubatanidza pakati pemusoro we rectangle we valvu ne groove yakaita se T yegedhi, uye groove yakaita se T dzimwe nguva haigadzirwe, saka musoro we rectangle we valvu unokurumidza kupera. Zvikuru kubva pakugadzira kugadzirisa. Zvisinei, mushandisi anogonawo kugadzira groove yakaita se T kuti ive nekutsetseka.

Gedhi revharuvhu regedhi remaviri harigone kudzvanya chifukidziro zvakasimba:

Kusimba kwegedhi rechipiri kunogadzirwa ne wedge yepamusoro. Kune mamwe mavharuvhu egedhi, wedge yepamusoro yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvisina kunaka (simbi yakakandwa yakaderera), uye inosakara kana kupwanyika nguva pfupi mushure mekushandiswa. Wedge yepamusoro chidimbu chidiki, uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa hazvina kunyanya kuwanda. Mushandisi anogona kuigadzira nesimbi yekabhoni otsiva simbi yakakandwa yekutanga.