Kuora ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukonzeravharuvhukukuvara. Nokudaro, muvharuvhudziviriro, kudzivirira ngura kwemavharuvhu inyaya yakakosha yekufunga nezvayo.
Vharuvhuchimiro chengura
Kuora kwesimbi kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekuora kwemakemikari uye ngura yemagetsi, uye ngura yezvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi inowanzo kukonzerwa nemabasa emakemikari zvakananga uye emuviri.
1. Kuora kwemakemikari
Kana pasina magetsi anogadzirwa, chinhu chiri pedyo chinopindirana zvakananga nesimbi yacho choiparadza, zvakaita sekuora kwesimbi negasi rakaoma rinopisa zvakanyanya uye mhinduro isiri yemagetsi.
2. Kuora kweGalvanic
Simbi yacho inosangana ne electrolyte, zvichikonzera kuyerera kwemaerekitironi, izvo zvinokonzera kukuvara kwayo ne electrochemical action, inova ndiyo mhando huru yengura.
Kuora kwemusanganiswa wemunyu unobva muacid-base, ngura yemumhepo, ngura yevhu, ngura yemvura yegungwa, ngura yehutachiona, ngura yegomba uye ngura yesimbi isina ngura, nezvimwewo, zvese izvi zvinongoitika chete pakati pezvinhu zviviri zvinogona kuita basa remakemikari, asi zvinogadzirawo mutsauko unobva pakusiyana kwehuwandu hwemusanganiswa, mutsauko wehuwandu hweokisijeni yakakomberedza, mutsauko mudiki muchimiro chechinhu ichi, nezvimwewo, uye zvinowana simba re ngura, zvekuti simbi ine simba shoma nenzvimbo yeplate yezuva yakaoma inorasika.
Mwero wengura yevharuvhu
Mwero wekuora unogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitanhatu:
(1) Haipindi ngura zvachose: mwero wengura uri pasi pe0.001 mm pagore
(2) Inodzivirira ngura zvakanyanya: mwero wengura 0.001 kusvika 0.01 mm pagore
(3) Kudzivirira ngura: mwero wengura 0.01 kusvika 0.1 mm pagore
(4) Inodzivirira ngura: mwero wengura 0.1 kusvika 1.0 mm pagore
(5) Kusakwanisa kuramba ngura zvakanaka: mwero wengura 1.0 kusvika 10 mm pagore
(6) Haina ngura: mwero wengura wakakura kupfuura 10 mm pagore
Matanho mapfumbamwe ekudzivirira ngura
1. Sarudza zvinhu zvinodzivirira ngura zvichienderana nechinhu chinoparadza
Mukugadzirwa chaiko, ngura yechinhu ichi yakaoma zvikuru, kunyangwe kana chinhu chevharuvhu chinoshandiswa muchinhu chimwe chete chakafanana, huwandu, tembiricha nekumanikidzwa kwechinhu ichi zvakasiyana, uye ngura yechinhu ichi kubva pane chimwe chinhu haina kufanana. Pakuwedzera kwega kwega kwe10°C mutembiricha yepakati, mwero wengura unowedzera nekanenge ka1 ~ ka3.
Kuwanda kwepakati kune simba guru pakuora kwezvinhu zvevharuvhu, sekuti lead iri musulfuric acid ine huwandu hushoma, ngura yacho idiki kwazvo, uye kana huwandu hwayo hukadarika 96%, ngura inokwira zvakanyanya. Simbi yekabhoni, pane zvinopesana, ine ngura yakanyanya kana huwandu hwesulfuric acid huri pa50%, uye kana huwandu hwayo hukadarika 60%, ngura inoderera zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, aruminiyamu inoparadza zvakanyanya mu nitric acid ine huwandu hunopfuura 80%, asi inoparadza zvakanyanya muhuwandu hwepakati nepasi hwe nitric acid, uye simbi isina tsvina inodzivirira nitric acid, asi inowedzera muhuwandu hwenitric acid hunopfuura 95%.
Kubva mumienzaniso iri pamusoro apa, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kusarudzwa kwakakodzera kwezvinhu zvevharuvhu kunofanirwa kuenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, kuongorora zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokanganisa ngura, uye kusarudza zvinhu zvinoenderana nemabhuku ekudzivirira ngura akakodzera.
2. Shandisa zvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi
Kudzivirira ngura isiri yesimbi kwakanaka kwazvo, chero bedzi tembiricha nekumanikidzwa kwevharuvhu zvichizadzisa zvinodiwa nezvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi, hazvigone kungogadzirisa dambudziko rengura chete, asiwo kuchengetedza simbi dzinokosha. Muviri wevharuvhu, bhoneti, lining, sealing surface nezvimwe zvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi zvinoshandiswa kazhinji zvinogadzirwa.
Mapurasitiki akadai sePTFE nepolyether ine chlorinated, pamwe nerabha yechisikigo, neoprene, rabha yenitrile nedzimwe rabha zvinoshandiswa pakuisa mavharuvhu, uye muviri mukuru webhoneti yemuviri wevharuvhu wakagadzirwa nesimbi yakakandwa nesimbi yekabhoni. Hazvingovimbisi simba revharuvhu chete, asiwo zvinoita kuti vharuvhu isasvibiswe nengura.
Mazuva ano, mapurasitiki akawanda akadai senylon nePTFE ari kushandiswa, uye rabha yechisikigo uye rabha yekugadzira zvinoshandiswa kugadzira nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuvhara uye mhete dzekuvhara, dzinoshandiswa pamavharuvhu akasiyana-siyana. Zvinhu izvi zvisiri zvesimbi zvinoshandiswa senzvimbo dzekuvhara hazvingori chete kuti ngura irambe yakanaka, asiwo zvine simba rakanaka rekuvhara, iro rakakodzera kushandiswa mumidziyo ine zvidimbu. Ehe, hazvina kusimba zvakanyanya uye hazvipise kupisa, uye mashandisirwo azvo akaganhurirwa.
3. Kurapa pamusoro pesimbi
(1) Kubatanidza mavharuvhu: Hozhwa yekubatanidza mavharuvhu inowanzo gadziriswa ne galvanizing, chrome plating, uye oxidation (bhuruu) kuti ivandudze kugona kwayo kudzivirira ngura yemumhepo nepakati. Kuwedzera kune nzira dzataurwa pamusoro apa, zvimwe zvinosungirirwa zvinorapwawo nekurapa pamusoro senge phosphating zvichienderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.
(2) Kuvhara pamusoro nezvikamu zvakavharwa zvine dhayamita diki: maitiro epamusoro akadai sekuisa nitriding ne boronizing anoshandiswa kuvandudza kuramba kwayo ngura uye kuramba kupfeka.
(3) Kudzivirira ngura kubva padzinde: nitriding, boronization, chrome plating, nickel plating nedzimwe nzira dzekurapa pamusoro dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuvandudza kuramba kwayo ngura, kuramba ngura uye kuramba kukwesha.
Kurapa kwakasiyana-siyana pamusoro kunofanirwa kukodzera zvinhu zvakasiyana zvehunde nenzvimbo dzekushanda, mumhepo, mvura inodziya uye asbestos packing contact stem, inogona kushandisa hard chrome plating, gas nitriding process (simbi isingasvibi haifanirwe kushandisa ion nitriding process): mumhepo ine hydrogen sulfide, electroplating high phosphorus nickel coating ine simba rekudzivirira riri nani; 38CrMOAIA inogonawo kuramba ngura nekuda kwe ion negas nitriding, asi hard chrome coating haina kukodzera kushandiswa; 2Cr13 inogona kuramba ammonia corrosion mushure mekudzima nekudziya, uye carbon steel inoshandisa gas nitriding inogonawo kuramba ammonia corrosion, nepo phosphorus-nickel plating layers dzese dzisingarambidze ammonia corrosion, uye gas nitriding 38CrMOAIA ine gas nitriding resistance yakanaka uye inoshanda zvakakwana, uye inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira valve stems.
(4) Muviri wevharuvhu diki uye vhiri reruoko: Rinowanzo pfekerwa nechrome kuti rirambe richidzivirira ngura uye rishongedze vharuvhu.
4. Kupfapfaidza nekupisa
Kupfapfaidza nekupisa inzira yekugadzirira machira, uye yave imwe yenzira itsva dzekudzivirira pamusoro pezvinhu. Inzira yekusimbisa pamusoro inoshandisa maturusi ekupisa ane simba rakawanda (moto wekupisa gasi, arc yemagetsi, arc yeplasma, kupisa kwemagetsi, kuputika kwegasi, nezvimwewo) kupisa nekunyungudutsa simbi kana zvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi, uye kuzvipfapfaidza pamusoro pechinhu chakagadziriswa kare nenzira yeatomization kugadzira spray coating, kana kupisa pamusoro pechinhu panguva imwe chete, kuitira kuti coating inyunguduke zvakare pamusoro pechinhu kuti igadzire spray welding layer.
Simbi zhinji nesimbi dzadzo, simbi oxide ceramics, cermet composites uye hard metal compounds zvinogona kuputirwa pasimbi kana kwete-simbi substrates nenzira imwe chete kana dzakawanda dzekupfapfaidza nekupisa, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza kuramba kwengura pamusoro, kuramba kupfeka, kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya nezvimwe zvinhu, uye kuwedzera hupenyu hwebasa. Kupfapfaidza nekupisa kwakakosha, nekupisa kupisa, kuputira (kana magetsi asina kujairika), kuvharwa kwesimbi, kuzvizora, kupisa kwemwaranzi, kudzivirira kwemagetsi nezvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha, kushandisa kupisa kunogona kugadzirisa zvikamu.
5. Pendi yekupfapfaidza
Kuputira chinhu chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya kudzivirira ngura, uye chinhu chakakosha chinodzivirira ngura uye chiratidzo chekuzivikanwa pazvigadzirwa zvevharuvhu. Kuputira chinhu chisiri chesimbi, chinowanzogadzirwa neresin yakagadzirwa, rabha, mafuta emuriwo, solvent, nezvimwewo, zvinofukidza pamusoro pesimbi, zvichiparadzanisa nzvimbo nemhepo, uye zvichizadzisa chinangwa chekudzivirira ngura.
Mapendi anonyanya kushandiswa mumvura, mvura ine munyu, mvura yegungwa, mhepo ine mhepo nedzimwe nzvimbo dzisinganyanyi kuora. Mukati mevharuvhu munowanzo pendirwa nependi inodzivirira kuora kudzivirira mvura, mhepo nezvimwe zvinhu kuti zvisaparadze vharuvhu.
6. Wedzera zvinodzivisa ngura
Nzira inoshandiswa nevanodzivisa ngura kudzora ngura ndeyekuti inokurudzira polarization yebhatiri. Vanodzivisa ngura vanonyanya kushandiswa mu media uye fillers. Kuwedzera vanodzivisa ngura kune medium kunogona kuderedza ngura yemidziyo nemavharuvhu, senge chromium-nickel stainless steel mu oxygen-free sulfuric acid, huwandu hwakakura hwekunyungudika hunosvika pakupisa, ngura yakanyanya kuipa, asi kuwedzera huwandu hushoma hwe copper sulfate kana nitric acid nezvimwe zvinokonzera ngura, kunogona kuita kuti simbi isina ngura ishanduke kuita blunt state, pamusoro pefirimu rekudzivirira kudzivirira kuparadzwa kwe medium, mu hydrochloric acid, kana huwandu hushoma hwe oxidant hukawedzerwa, ngura ye titanium inogona kuderedzwa.
Kuyedzwa kwekumanikidzwa kwevharuvhu kunowanzo shandiswa senzira yekuyedza kumanikidzwa, izvo zviri nyore kukonzera ngura yevharuvhu, uye kuwedzera sodium nitrite shoma mumvura kunogona kudzivirira ngura yevharuvhu nemvura. Asbestos packing ine chloride, iyo inoparadza hunde yevharuvhu zvakanyanya, uye huwandu hwechloride hunogona kuderedzwa kana nzira yekugeza mvura neutsi ikatevedzerwa, asi nzira iyi yakaoma zvikuru kuishandisa, uye haigone kufarirwa nevanhu vakawanda, uye yakakodzera chete kune zvinodiwa zvakakosha.
Kuti dzidzivirire hunde yevharuvhu uye dzidzivirire ngura yeasbestos packing, mu asbestos packing, ngura inhibitor nesimbi yechibayiro zvakaputirwa pahunde yevharuvhu, ngura inhibitor inoumbwa ne sodium nitrite ne sodium chromate, izvo zvinogona kugadzira firimu repasi pamusoro pehunde yevharuvhu uye kuvandudza kuramba ngura kwehunde yevharuvhu, uye solvent inogona kuita kuti ngura inhibitor inyungudike zvishoma nezvishoma uye iite basa rekuzora; Kutaura zvazviri, zinc inhibitorwo yengura, iyo inogona kutanga yabatana ne chloride mu asbestos, kuitira kuti chloride nesimbi yesimbi zvideredzwe zvakanyanya, kuitira kuti chinangwa chekudzivirira ngura chibudirire.
7. Dziviriro yemagetsi
Kune mhando mbiri dzekudzivirira nemagetsi: dziviriro yeanodic nedziviriro yecathodic. Kana zinc ikashandiswa kuchengetedza iron, zinc inoora, zinc inonzi sacrificial metal, mukugadzirwa kwayo, dziviriro yeanode haishandiswi zvakanyanya, dziviriro yecathodic inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Iyi nzira yekudzivirira cathodic inoshandiswa kumavharuvhu makuru nemavharuvhu akakosha, inova nzira isingadhuri, iri nyore uye inoshanda, uye zinc inowedzerwa kuasbestos packing kuchengetedza tsinde yevharuvhu.
8. Kudzora nharaunda inoparadza
Nzvimbo inonzi nharaunda ine mhando mbiri dzepfungwa yakafara nepfungwa yakamanikana, pfungwa yakafara yenharaunda inoreva nharaunda yakakomberedza nzvimbo yekuisa mavharuvhu nenzvimbo yayo yekutenderera kwemukati, uye pfungwa yakamanikana yenharaunda inoreva mamiriro akakomberedza nzvimbo yekuisa mavharuvhu.
Nzvimbo zhinji hadzidzoreki, uye maitiro ekugadzira haagone kuchinjwa zvisina tsarukano. Kana pasina kukuvara kwechigadzirwa uye maitiro acho, nzira yekudzora nharaunda inogona kushandiswa, senge kubvisa oxygen muboiler water, kuwedzera alkali mukugadzirisa mafuta kugadzirisa PH value, nezvimwewo. Kubva pamaonero aya, kuwedzerwa kwezvinodzivirira ngura uye dziviriro yemagetsi yataurwa pamusoro apa inzira yekudzora nharaunda inoparadza.
Mhepo yakazara neguruva, utsi hwemvura uye utsi, kunyanya munzvimbo yekugadzira, senge hutsi hwemvura, magasi ane chepfu uye upfu hwakatsetseka hunoburitswa nemidziyo, izvo zvinozokonzera ngura dzakasiyana-siyana kuvharuvhu. Mushandi anofanira kuchenesa nekuchenesa vharuvhu uye kuwedzera mafuta nguva nenguva zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemashandiro ekushanda, inova nzira inoshanda yekudzora ngura yezvakatipoteredza. Kuisa chifukidziro chekudzivirira pahunde yevharuvhu, kuisa tsime pasi pavharuvhu yepasi, uye kupfapfaidza pendi pamusoro pevharuvhu inzira dzese dzekudzivirira zvinhu zvinoparadza kuti zvisaparadzevharuvhu.
Kuwedzera kwekupisa kwemhepo uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo, kunyanya kwemidziyo nemavharuvhu munzvimbo yakavharwa, kuchakurumidzisa ngura yazvo, uye nzvimbo dzekuchengetera zvinhu dzakavhurika kana nzira dzekufema nekudzikisa ngura dzinofanira kushandiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kuderedza ngura yezvakatipoteredza.
9. Kuvandudza tekinoroji yekugadzirisa uye chimiro chevharuvhu
Dziviriro yekudzivirira ngura yevharuvhuIdambudziko rakambofungwa nezvaro kubva pakutanga kwekugadzirwa, uye chigadzirwa chevharuvhu chine dhizaini yakanaka yekuvaka uye nzira chaiyo yekushanda pasina mubvunzo chichava nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakudzora ngura yevharuvhu. Nokudaro, dhipatimendi rekugadzira nekugadzira rinofanira kugadzirisa zvikamu zvisina kunaka mukugadzirwa kwekuvaka, nzira dzisina kururama dzekushanda uye dziri nyore kukonzera ngura, kuitira kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa nemamiriro akasiyana-siyana ekushanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-22-2025
