Corrosion ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvinokonzeresavharafukukuvara. Naizvozvo, muvharafukudzivirira, vharafu anti-corrosion inyaya yakakosha yekufunga nezvayo.
Valvecorrosion form
Kuora kwesimbi kunonyanya kukonzerwa nekemikari corrosion uye electrochemical corrosion, uye kuora kwezvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi kunowanzo kukonzerwa nemakemikari akananga uye zviito zvemuviri.
1. Kuora kwemakemikari
Pasi pemamiriro ekuti hapana ikozvino inogadzirwa, iyo yakapoteredza inopindirana zvakananga nesimbi uye inoiparadza, yakadai sekuora kwesimbi nepamusoro-tembiricha yakaoma gasi uye isiri-electrolytic solution.
2. Galvanic corrosion
Iyo simbi inosangana ne electrolyte, zvichikonzera kuyerera kwema electrons, izvo zvinoita kuti pachayo ikuvadzwe ne electrochemical action, iyo ndiyo nzira huru yekuora.
Common acid-base salt solution corrosion, atmospheric corrosion, corrosion ivhu, corrosion yemvura yegungwa, microbial corrosion, pitting corrosion and crevice corrosion of stainless steel, etc., ese ari electrochemical corrosion. Electrochemical corrosion haingoitike chete pakati pezvinhu zviviri zvinogona kuita kemikari, asi zvakare inogadzira misiyano inogona kuitika nekuda kwemusiyano wekugadzirisa mhinduro, mutsauko wekusangana weokisijeni yakatenderedza, mutsauko mudiki muchimiro chechinhu, nezvimwe, uye inowana simba rekuora, kuitira kuti simbi ine simba shoma uye nzvimbo yezuva rakaoma ndiro inorasika.
Kuora kwevhavha
Mwero wekuora unogona kukamurwa kuita mamakisi matanhatu:
(1) Kugara kusingadzivirirwe zvachose: chiyero chekuora chiri pasi pe0.001 mm / gore
(2) Kunyanya kusagadzikana nekuora: chiyero chekuora 0.001 kusvika 0.01 mm / gore
(3) Corrosion resistance: chiyero chekuora 0.01 kusvika 0.1 mm / gore
(4) Ichiri kusagadzikana nekuora: chiyero chekuora 0.1 kusvika 1.0 mm / gore
(5) Kusagadzikana kwehurosi kuramba: chiyero chekuora 1.0 kusvika 10 mm / gore
(6) Isingadzivirirwe nekuora: chiyero chekuora chakakura kupfuura 10 mm / gore
Matanho mapfumbamwe ekurwisa ngura
1. Sarudza zvinhu zvisingadziviriri maererano nesvikiro rinopisa
Mukugadzirwa chaiko, kukora kwepakati kwakaoma kwazvo, kunyangwe iyo vheji inoshandiswa mukati meiyo svikiro yakafanana, kusungirira, tembiricha uye kudzvanywa kwepakati kwakasiyana, uye kukora kwepakati kusvika kune chinhu. hazvina kufanana. Pakuwedzera kwe10°C mukati metembiricha yepakati, kukora kunowedzera kanenge ka1 ~ katatu.
Iyo yepakati yepakati ine pesvedzero huru pakuora kwezvinhu zvevharuvhu, senge lead iri mu sulfuric acid ine diki diki, iyo corrosion idiki kwazvo, uye kana iyo yekumisikidza inopfuura 96%, iyo corrosion inokwira zvakanyanya. Carbon simbi, pane zvinopesana, ine yakanyanya kuonda kana iyo sulfuric acid yakasungwa inenge 50%, uye kana iyo yakawedzera kusvika kupfuura 60%, ngura inoderera zvakanyanya. Semuyenzaniso, aruminiyamu inoparadza zvakanyanya muconcentrated nitric acid ine concentrated inopfuura 80%, asi inoparadza zvakanyanya pakati nepakati nepakati pe nitric acid, uye simbi isina tsvina inoshingirira kuderedza nitric acid, asi inowedzera mu kupfuura 95% yakawedzera nitric acid.
Kubva pamienzaniso iri pamusoro apa, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti kusarudzwa kwakarurama kwezvinhu zvevharuvhu kunofanira kuenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, kuongorora zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinokanganisa kuora, uye sarudza zvinhu maererano nemagwaro akakodzera e-anti-corrosion.
2. Shandisa zvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi
Non-metallic corrosion resistance is yakanakisa, chero bedzi tembiricha uye kumanikidzwa kwevhavha zvichisangana nezvinodiwa zvezvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi, hazvigone kungogadzirisa dambudziko rekuora, asiwo kuchengetedza simbi dzinokosha. Muviri wevharuvhu, bonnet, lining, chisimbiso chepamusoro uye zvimwe zvinowanzoshandiswa zvisiri zvesimbi zvinhu zvinogadzirwa.
Mapurasitiki akadai sePTFE uye chlorinated polyether, pamwe chete nerabha rechisikigo, neoprene, nitrile rabha uye mamwe marubha anoshandiswa pakugadzira mavharuvhu, uye muviri mukuru webhoneti yemuviri wevharuvhu wakagadzirwa nesimbi yakakandwa uye kabhoni simbi. Haisi kungovimbisa simba revhavha, asiwo inovimbisa kuti valve haina corrod.
Mazuva ano, mapurasitiki akawanda akadai senaironi uye PTFE anoshandiswa, uye rabha rechisikigo nerabha rekugadzira rinoshandiswa kugadzira nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuvhara uye zvindori zvekuvhara, izvo zvinoshandiswa pamavharuvhu akasiyana-siyana. Izvi zvisiri-metallic zvinhu zvinoshandiswa sechisimbiso zvisimbiso hazvisi chete zvine kunaka kwekusagadzikana, asiwo zvine kuita kwakanaka kwekuvhara, iyo inonyanya kukodzera kushandiswa munhau ine zvimedu. Zvechokwadi, ivo havana kusimba uye vanopisa kupisa, uye huwandu hwemashandisirwo hushoma.
3. Metal pamusoro kurapwa
(1) Kubatana kwevharuvhu: Hozhwa yekubatanidza valve inowanzobatwa ne galvanizing, chrome plating, uye oxidation (blue) kuvandudza kugona kurwisa mhepo uye yepakati corrosion. Pamusoro pemaitiro ataurwa pamusoro apa, mamwe ma fasteners anorapwawo nepamusoro pekurapa senge phosphating zvinoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu.
(2) Kuisa chisimbiso pamusoro uye zvikamu zvakavharwa zvine dhayamita diki: maitiro epamusoro senge nitriding uye boronizing anoshandiswa kuvandudza kusakara kwayo uye kusagadzikana kwekupfeka.
(3) Stem anti-corrosion: nitriding, boronization, chrome plating, nickel plating uye mamwe maitiro ekurapa epamusoro anoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuvandudza kuomarara kwayo, kusadzivirirwa uye kusagadzikana kweabrasion.
Kurapa kwakasiyana kwepamusoro kunofanirwa kuve kwakakodzera kune akasiyana stem zvinhu uye nharaunda yekushanda, mumhepo, mhute yemvura yepakati uye asbestos inotakura yekubata hunde, inogona kushandisa yakaoma chrome plating, gasi nitriding process (simbi isina simbi haifanirwe kushandisa ion nitriding process): muhydrogen. sulfide mumhepo nharaunda uchishandisa electroplating yakakwira phosphorus nickel coating ine zvirinani kudzivirira kuita; 38CrMOAIA inogona zvakare kusaita ngura neion uye gasi nitriding, asi yakaoma chrome coating haina kukodzera kushandiswa; 2Cr13 inogona kuramba ammonia corrosion mushure mekudzima uye kupisa, uye iyo kabhoni simbi inoshandisa gasi nitriding inogonawo kuramba ammonia corrosion, nepo phosphorus-nickel plating layers isingadzivirirwe neammonia corrosion, uye iyo gasi nitriding 38CrMOAIA zvinhu zvine yakanakisa corrosion performance resistance , uye inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira madzinde evharuvhu.
(4) Diki-caliber valve muviri uye handwheel: Iyo zvakare inowanzo chrome-yakapfatwa kuti ivandudze kusakara kwayo uye kushongedza vharafu.
4. Thermal spraying
Thermal spraying imhando yemaitiro nzira yekugadzirira machira, uye yave imwe yehunyanzvi hutsva hwekuchengetedza zvinhu zvepasi. Iyo inzira yekusimbisa pamusoro peiyo nzira inoshandisa yakakwira simba density kupisa masosi (gasi rinopisa moto, magetsi arc, plasma arc, magetsi kupisa, kuputika kwegasi, nezvimwewo) kupisa nekunyungudutsa simbi kana zvisiri-simbi zvinhu, uye nekuzvipfapfaidza kune pretreated basic surface muchimiro cheatomization kugadzira chiputiriso chekupfapfaidza, kana kupisa nzvimbo yekutanga panguva imwe chete, kuitira kuti kunyunguduka kunyunguduke zvakare pamusoro pechiso. substrate kuumba nzira yekusimbisa pamusoro pespray welding layer.
Mazhinji masimbi uye alloys adzo, simbi oxide ceramics, cermet composites uye yakaoma simbi komisheni inogona kuputirwa pasimbi kana isiri-simbi substrates neimwe kana akati wandei ekupisa yekupisa nzira, iyo inogona kuvandudza pamusoro pekugara ngura, kuramba kupfeka, kupisa kwakanyanya uye zvimwe. zvivakwa, uye kurebesa hupenyu hwesevhisi. Thermal spraying inokosha inoshanda coating, pamwe kupisa insulation, insulation (kana abnormal magetsi), grindable chisimbiso, self-lubrication, thermal mwaranzi, electromagnetic shielding uye zvimwe zvinokosha zvivakwa, kushandiswa kwemafuta pfapfaidzo anogona kugadzirisa zvikamu.
5. Pfaya pendi
Coating inzira inoshandiswa nevakawanda anti-corrosion, uye chinhu chakakosha chinorwisa-corrosion zvinhu uye chiratidzo chekuzivikanwa pane zvigadzirwa zvevharuvhu. Kupfekedza zvakare chinhu chisiri chesimbi, icho chinowanzo gadzirwa nesynthetic resin, rubber slurry, mafuta emuriwo, solvent, nezvimwewo, inovhara pamusoro pesimbi, ichiparadzanisa yepakati nemhepo, uye kuzadzisa chinangwa chekurwisa-corrosion.
Coatings anonyanya kushandiswa mumvura, mvura yemunyu, mvura yegungwa, mhepo uye dzimwe nharaunda dzisina kunyanya kuora. Iyo yemukati mhango yevhavha inowanzopendwa nependi yeanticorrosive kudzivirira mvura, mweya uye mamwe midhiya kubva mukuora vharafu.
6. Wedzera corrosion inhibitors
Iyo nzira iyo corrosion inhibitors inodzora kuora ndeyekuti inosimudzira polarization yebhatiri. Corrosion inhibitors inonyanya kushandiswa mune media uye mafirita. Kuwedzerwa kwecorrosion inhibitors kune yepakati kunogona kuderedza kupera kwemidziyo nemavharuvhu, senge chromium-nickel simbi isina oxygen muoxygen-isina sulfuric acid, yakakura solubility range ichipinda munzvimbo yekupisa, kukora kwakanyanya, asi kuwedzera diki. huwandu hwemhangura sulfate kana nitric acid uye mamwe maoxidants, anogona kuita kuti simbi isina tsvina ishanduke kuita yakagomara, pamusoro pe firimu rinodzivirira kudzivirira kuputika kwepakati, mu hydrochloric acid, kana chidimbu chiduku che oxidant chichiwedzerwa, kuora kwetitanium kunogona kuderedzwa.
Valve pressure test inowanzo shandiswa sepakati pekudzvanyirira bvunzo, zviri nyore kukonzeresa corrosion yevharafu, uye kuwedzera shoma shoma ye sodium nitrite kumvura inogona kudzivirira kuora kwevhavha nemvura. Asbestos packing ine chloride, iyo inoshatisa hunde yevharuvhu zvakanyanya, uye chloride yemukati inogona kudzikiswa kana nzira yekugeza mvura inopfungaira ikagamuchirwa, asi nzira iyi yakaoma kwazvo kuita, uye haigone kufarirwa kazhinji, uye yakakodzera chete kune yakakosha. zvinodiwa.
Kuti udzivirire hunde hwevharuvhu uye kudzivirira kukora kweasbestos kurongedza, mukutakura asbestos, iyo corrosion inhibitor uye simbi yechibairo zvakaputirwa pahunde yevharuvhu, iyo corrosion inhibitor inoumbwa ne sodium nitrite uye sodium chromate, iyo inogona kugadzira a. passivation firimu pamusoro pevhavha hunde uye kunatsiridza corrosion kuramba kwevhavha hunde, uye solvent inogona kuita corrosion inhibitor inonyungudika zvishoma nezvishoma uye tamba basa rekuzora; Muchokwadi, zinc zvakare corrosion inhibitor, iyo inogona kutanga yasanganiswa ne chloride mu asbestos, kuitira kuti chloride uye stem metal kusangana nemukana inoderedzwa zvakanyanya, kuitira kuti iite chinangwa cheanti-corrosion.
7. Electrochemical protection
Kune marudzi maviri ekudzivirira kwe electrochemical: anodic kudzivirira uye cathodic kudzivirira. Kana zinc inoshandiswa kuchengetedza simbi, zinc yakasvibiswa, zinc inonzi simbi yechibayiro, mukugadzira maitiro, anode kudzivirira kunoshandiswa zvishoma, cathodic kudzivirira kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Iyi nzira yekudzivirira ye cathodic inoshandiswa kune mavharuvhu makuru uye mavharuvhu akakosha, inova nzira yehupfumi, iri nyore uye inoshanda, uye zinc inowedzerwa kune asbestos packing kuchengetedza tsinde yevhavha.
8. Dzora nharaunda inoora
Iyo inonzi nharaunda ine marudzi maviri epfungwa yakafara uye yakamanikana pfungwa, iyo yakafara pfungwa yezvakatipoteredza inoreva nharaunda yakatenderedza valve yekumisikidza nzvimbo uye yemukati yekutenderera kwayo yepakati, uye nhete pfungwa yezvakatipoteredza inoreva mamiriro akatenderedza valve yekumisikidza nzvimbo. .
Mazhinji nharaunda haadzoreki, uye maitiro ekugadzira haagone kuchinjika. Izvo chete munyaya iyo hapazovi nekukuvadza kune chigadzirwa uye maitiro, nzira yekudzora nharaunda inogona kugamuchirwa, yakadai se deoxygenation yemvura yebhailer, alkali kuwedzera mukugadzirisa kwemafuta kugadzirisa PH kukosha, nezvimwewo kubva pane izvi. maonero, kuwedzerwa kwe corrosion inhibitors uye electrochemical protection yakataurwa pamusoro apa inzira yekudzora nzvimbo inoparadza.
Muchadenga wakazara neguruva, mhute yemvura uye utsi, kunyanya munzvimbo yekugadzira, senge chiutsi brine, magasi ane chepfu uye hupfu hwakatsetseka hunoburitswa nemidziyo, izvo zvinokonzeresa madhigirii akasiyana ekuora kuvharuvhu. Mushandi anofanira kugara achichenesa uye kuchenesa valve uye kuwedzera mafuta nguva dzose maererano nezvinodiwa zvemaitiro ekushanda, inova chiyero chinoshanda chekudzora kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kuisa chivharo chekudzivirira pahunde yevharuvhu, kuisa tsime revhu pavharuvhu yevhu, uye kupfapfaidza pendi pamusoro pevharuvhu inzira dzese dzekudzivirira kuti zvinhu zvinoparadza zvisakukure.vharafu.
Kuwedzera kweambient tembiricha uye kusvibiswa kwemhepo, kunyanya kune midziyo nemavharuvhu munzvimbo yakavharwa, kuchamhanyisa kukora kwavo, uye maworkshop akavhurika kana kufefetedza nekutonhodza matanho anofanirwa kushandiswa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira kuderedza kukora kwezvakatipoteredza.
9. Kuvandudza teknolojia yekugadzirisa uye chimiro chevhavha
Iyo anti-corrosion kudzivirira kwevharafuidambudziko rakatariswa kubva pakutanga kwekugadzira, uye chigadzirwa chevharuvhu chine hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa dhizaini uye nzira yakaringana yemaitiro pasina mubvunzo ichava nemhedzisiro yakanaka pakudzikisa kukora kwevhavha. Nokudaro, dhipatimendi rekugadzira nekugadzira rinofanira kuvandudza zvikamu zvisina musoro mukugadzirwa kwemaitiro, zvisizvo mumaitiro ekugadzirisa uye zviri nyore kukonzera kuora, kuitira kuti zvigadzirise kune zvinodiwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekushanda.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-22-2025
